T he first programmable computers were rather nasty beasts. These giant 1940s machines occupied entire rooms and consumed kilowatts of electricity. The computation problems engineers faced more often involved failed machine hardware components than the short and mostly unchanging programs engineers fed to those machines. Engineers viewed computers and their programs as unified entities. Over th...

The means by which humans acquire Pneumocystis carinii is not well understood. Whether it can be acquired from specific environmental sources or transmitted from person to person has not been determined. This study was designed to detect nucleic acids of P. carinii in air samples from various locations, including P. carinii-infected patients' homes and hospital rooms, non-P. carinii-infected pa...

LIBRARY TRENDS, Vol. 62, No. 1, 2013 (“Community Informatics in China,” edited by Kate Williams), pp. 95–104. © 2013 The Board of Trustees, University of Illinois Abstract The reading rooms in the rural areas of Beijing are among the oldest farmers’ reading rooms in China. By 2011, 3,974 farmers’ reading rooms had been established in rural areas of Beijing; there is now one farmers’ reading roo...

A floorplan is a rectangular dissection which describes the relative placement of electronic modules on the chip. It is called a mosaic floorplan if there are no empty rooms or cross junctions in the rectangular dissection. We study a subclass of mosaic floorplans called hierarchical floorplans of order k (abbreviated HFOk). A floorplan is a hierarchical floorplan of order k if it can be obtain...

Indoor air (VOCs) samples were collected simultaneously from variety of indoors (e.g. living rooms, baby’s rooms) and outdoor environments which were voluntarily selected from the houses in which pregnant residents live throughout Ankara. This is the first comprehensive study done in Turkey starting from prenatal period and continued till the babies had one year old. VOCs levels were measured o...

To establish a convenient method for decontaminating bioclean rooms, the effect of ozone at 80 mg/m3 for 72 h was compared with formaldehyde vaporization at an initial concentration of 150 mg/m3 with a gradual decrease to 20 mg/m3 during 72 h. Ozone was found to be inferior to formaldehyde in activity. When the bioclean room was decontaminated twice with ozone, the mean colony count per 10 cm2 ...