A brief description is given of devolatilization of raw coal and combustion of the residual char. Major achievements in the study of devolatilization and important areas for further experimentation are noted; however, attention is focussed on the rate processes involved in char combustion. Means of calculating reaction rates are shown which account for temperatures of particles, mass transfer a...

The possibilities and limits of pyrolysis as a means of recycling plastic rich fractions derived from discarded phones have been studied. Two plastic rich samples (⩾80wt% plastics) derived from landline and mobile phones provided by a Spanish recycling company, have been pyrolysed under N2 in a 3.5dm3 reactor at 500°C for 30min. The landline and mobile phones yielded 58 and 54.5wt% liquids, 16....

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common congenital heart disease that results when the ductus arteriosus, a muscular artery, fails to remodel and close after birth. A syndromic form of this disorder, Char syndrome, is caused by mutation in TFAP2B, the gene encoding a neural crest-derived transcription factor. Established features of the syndrome are PDA, facial dysmorphology, and fifth-finge...

Automobile shredder residue (ASR) was pretreated to improve its quality for fuel utilization. Composition analysis revealed that ASR components could be classified into four groups: (1) urethane and textile-light fraction and combustibles containing low levels of ash and Cl; (2) plastics and rubber-light or heavy fraction and combustibles containing high levels of Cl; (3) metals and electrical ...

Biomass co-firing is becoming a promising solution to reduce CO2 emissions, due to its renewability and carbon neutrality. Biomass normally has high moisture and volatile contents, complicating its combustion behavior, which is significantly different from that of coal. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) combustion model of a single biomass particle is employed to study high-temperature rapid...

Let K be a nonarchimedean local field, for example the p-adic numbers Qp (char(K) = 0) or the field of Laurent series over a finite field Fp((t)) (char(p) > 0) . Let G = PGLn(K), or more generally the K-points of any absolutely simple, connected, algebraic K-group of adjoint form. There is a natural way to associate to each cocompact lattice Γ in G a finite simplicial complex BΓ, as follows. Br...

To increase thermal stability for high performance applications of epoxy resin system – Diglycidal Ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA), the epoxy backbone is modified to incorporate aromatic and heterocyclic rings i.e. the oxazolidone ring. FTIR studies were conducted during the synthesis at various intervals. Appearance of peak at 1754 cm confirms the presence of oxazolidone ring and absence of peak ...

The pyrolysis characteristics of sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose were investigated using a tubular furnace. The total gas yield and the releasing behavior of the main gas products were measured by GC analysis. The liquid products were analyzed by GC-MS and ion chromatography. The chars were investigated by elemental analysis and proximate analysis. The volatile remaining in the char extracted b...

Let G̃ be a simple algebraic group which is defined and split over a field K and let L̃ be a corresponding Lie algebra. Further, let R be the corresponding root system. We prove here that if char K = 0 or a very good prime for R and | K |>| R |, then there exists an orbit O ⊂ L = L̃(K) with respect to the adjoint action of G = G̃(K) such that L = O + O. This is an analogue of the corresponding resu...