increasing product marketability and introduction of new cultivars for fresh consumption of apple is the world's most important breeding objectives. in this study, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the genotypes from cross between red spur and golab-e-kohanz apple cultivars were evaluated. a total of 19 traits including fruit attributes (firmness, fruit weight,...) and th...

The available studies for estimating the characteristics of hydraulic jump are only for artificial or natural beds, and very limited researches have simultaneously considered artificial and natural beds. The aim of this study is to present comprehensive equations and models for predicting the characteristics of hydraulic jump in artificial and natural rough beds with various dimensions, arrange...

Most studies on frugivorous bat assemblages in secondary forests have concentrated on differences among successional stages, and have disregarded the effect of forest management. Secondary forest management practices alter the vegetation structure and fruit availability, important factors associated with differences in frugivorous bat assemblage structure, and fruit consumption and can therefor...

There is increasing evidence that large-bodied primates play important roles as seed dispersers and in the maintenance of tree diversity in forest ecosystems. In this study we compared forest regeneration at two sites with differing primate abundances in the Ecuadorian Chocoan rainforest. We predicted: (1) significant differences in primate abundance between the two sites; (2) higher understory...

sanitary landfills, created for the disposal of solid waste, usually are developed into parks afterthey are closed. however, soil amelioration with organic matter is usually needed to restore fertility andpromote revegetation. sewage sludge creates a massive waste disposal problem. the use of composted sewage sludge (biosolid) as a soil conditioner might restore the soil fertility at landfill s...

Gap characteristics and effects of gaps on plasticity of Fargesia qinlingensis and tree regeneration were studied under canopy, and in small, medium, and large gaps in a mixed hardwood-conifer forest in the Qinling Mountains, China. Gap formation was mainly tree snapping (40%). Gapmakers were dominated by Betula albosinensis and Abies fargesii (85%). Gap area ranged from 23.8 to 594.2 m and ave...

The possibility of using tree prunings residues from four wood species grown in Saudi Arabia to create cementbonded particleboards (CBPs) was studied. The properties of the produced CBPs at different board densities were evaluated. Panels were made using three different board densities (1100, 1200 and 1300 kg/m) at a constant wood/cement ratio (1/2 by weight). The mechanical properties and dime...