Visual hallucinations are well recognized in individuals with low vision and intact cognition (Charles Bonnet syndrome) (Teunisse et al., 1996). Visual hallucinations also occur in those with early manifestations of dementia with Lewy bodies (McKeith et al., 2005) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (Williams and Lees, 2005). Typically, visual hallucinations in these conditions are complex recurre...

A seventy eight year old psychiatrist developed recurrent transient episodes of sectoral visual colorful and detailed memories, as the actual identical events that have occurred in real life and registered by him in previous hours, resurrecting the actual original experience in a clear sensorium. He had no additional symptoms. In contrast to a previously reported patient with multiple sclerosis...

OBJECTIVE To review the epidemiology, phenomenology, and treatment of psychotic disorders in late life. METHOD The literature relating to psychotic symptoms in the elderly is reviewed, with a focus on the following categories: primary psychotic disorders, mood disorders, delirium, Parkinson's disease (PD), and somatic hallucinoses (including Charles Bonnet syndrome [CBS] and musical hallucino...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The literature related to visual hallucinations in ophthalmological settings from 2007 to 2008 is presented as a review of recent developments and trends. RECENT FINDINGS Acuity, contrast sensitivity, age and sex emerge as significant and consistent risk factors for visual hallucinations, together with new evidence to suggest that up to 40% of patients have long-term halluci...

Few imaging studies have investigated the conscious ‘pictures’ of the external environment that we associate with seeing (visual percepts). The problem that confronts the neuroscientist is recognizing the neural correlate of ‘seeing’ and differentiating it from afferent sensory activity, which is assumed to remain unconscious1. One solution is to study a visual system in which percepts have bec...

Gold Ducat ofJames V ofScotland. This coin, the bonnet piece, shows James wearing the insignia of the Order of the Thistle. Its life-like quality gives an indication of his character, which enabled him to survive all the attacks of his own nobles as well as his neighbour, Henry VIII. Silver Petition Crown of Charles II. Thomas Simon had been chief engraver to Cromwell. At the Restoration he was...