Changes in molecular forms of hepatic cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GST) during rat chemical hepatocarcinogenesis were investigated. GST activities toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene increased with the increased area of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive foci and hyperplastic nodules induced by diethylnitrosamine followed by 2-acetylaminofluorene plus ...

Bee pollen, known as a ‘life-giving dust’, is product of honeybees using flower pollen grains and combining them with their saliva secretions. Thus, could be an indicator the bee botanical source. Identification sources highly crucial process for evaluation its health benefits, chemical composition directly related to pharmacological activity. In this study, profiles, contents phenolic marker c...

Sheath blight (ShB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the serious constraints that hamper global rice production. It causes severe yield loss up to 69% under favorable environmental conditions. The application chemical fungicides remains primary approach for management this disease. But, overuse potential health and risk. use host plant resistance a very effective, economic, sustainable st...

Isoprostanes are prostaglandin-like compounds that are produced by free radical mediated peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. There is a direct evidence showing that F2-isoprostanes can be utilized as a marker of lipid peroxidation due to the mechanism of their formation (nonenzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid), chemical stability, sensitive and non-invasive methods of their estimat...

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi 1.0. INTRODUCTION 1 2.0. MATERIALS AND METHODS 8 2.1. Insect Cultures 8 2.2. Purchased Chemicals 8 2.3. Buffers 9 2.4. Synthesis of Required Chemicals 9 2.5. Dissections 11 2.6. Preparation of Homogenate 11 2.7. Subcellular Fractionation 11 2.8. In vitro Enzyme Assays 12 2.9. Extraction, purification and quantificat...

Previously a standard toxicological test termed as DarT (Danio rerio Teratogenic assay) using wild type zebrafish embryos has been established and it is widely applied in toxicological and chemical screenings. As an increasing number of fluorescent transgenic zebrafish lines with specific fluorescent protein expression specifically expressed in different organs and tissues, we envision that the...

Recurrent esophageal stenosis following caustic injury may be difficult to treat. A tube stent developed at our institution [1] can be used as an alternative to repetitive endoscopic esophageal stricture dilation. The case of a boy with severe larynx and esophageal caustic injury at the age of 2 years is reported here. Endoscopy (●" Fig.1a) and radiography (●" Fig.2a) performed 3 weeks after th...

Quality-marker (Q-marker) is an emerging concept to ensure the quality and batch-to-batch consistency of Chinese medicine (CM). However, significant difficulties remain in the identification of Q-markers due to the unclear relationship between complex chemical compositions and the pharmacological efficacy of CM. In the present study, we proposed a novel strategy to identify the potential Q-mark...

The inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) by chemical inhibitors, such as rapamycin, has demonstrated anti-cancer activity in preclinical and clinical trials. Their efficacy is, however, limited and tumors eventually relapse through resistance formation. In this study, using two different cancer mouse models, we identify tumor hypoxia as a novel mechanism of resis...

We determined the contribution of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms to the metabolism of midazolam by kinetic analysis of human liver microsomes and CYP isoforms and by examining the effect of chemical inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies against CYP isoforms in vitro. Midazolam was metabolized to 1'-hydroxymidazolam (1'-OH MDZ) by human liver microsomes with a Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of 4....