نتایج جستجو برای: child transmission
تعداد نتایج: 392470 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The modern medical treatment of HIV with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically reduced the morbidity and mortality in patients infected with this virus. ART has also been shown to reduce the transmission risk from individual patients as well as the spread of the infection at the population level. This position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Gr...
BACKGROUND Mother-child human leukocyte antigen (HLA) concordance and maternal HLA homozygosity may increase the risk of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) risk by reducing infant immune responses. METHODS We analyzed mother-child HLA concordance and maternal HLA homozygosity in a Kenyan perinatal cohort receiving antenatal zidovudine. HLA concordance was sco...
BACKGROUND Antiviral prophylaxis is recommended for HIV positive mothers to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. To date UNAIDS and WHO policy has been based on a study in Thailand which showed a reduction in transmission by half with short course AZT (Zidovudine) treatment together with artificial feeding. We modelled the possible positive and negative effects on child deaths in low an...
Zambia national survey, administrative, health facility, and special study data were used to assess progress and impact in national malaria control between 2000 and 2008. Zambia malaria financial support expanded from US$9 million in 2003 to US$ approximately 40 million in 2008. High malaria prevention coverage was achieved and extended to poor and rural areas. Increasing coverage was consisten...
In the 25 years since the first reported cases of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), more than 70 million people have been infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV is a retrovirus that is spread from mother to child, through blood contamination and through sex. Antiretroviral drugs administered to HIV infected pregnant women and the newborn child, together with exclusiv...
Harvesting energy from ambient environment is a new promising solution to free electronic devices from electric wire or limited-lifetime battery, which may find very significant applications in sensor networks and body-area networks. This paper mainly investigate the fundamental limits of information transmission in wireless communication system with RF-based energy harvesting, in which a maste...
BACKGROUND Nearly a quarter of a million children have acquired HIV, prompting the implementation of new protocols-Option B and B+-for treating HIV+ pregnant women. While efficacy has been demonstrated in randomized trials, there is limited real-world evidence on the impact of these changes. Using longitudinal, routinely collected data we assessed the impact of the adoption of WHO Option B in R...
OBJECTIVE To study late postnatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in a cohort of children born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers who delivered at Muhimbili Medical Centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. MATERIALS AND METHODS Since 1991 a prospective cohort study of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 has been conducted at Muhimbili Medical Centre in Dar es Salaam. HIV-1-seroposi...
The case of a child with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) presumably infected with CCHF virus from her 27-year-old mother is described. The mother with CCHF was treated with ribavirin and did not present with any symptoms of obvious hemorrhage. The child developed fever on the 5th day after the mother's onset. The partial virus genome was amplified by RT-PCR, and nested PCR from the child...
OBJECTIVES To identify risk factors for transmission of verocytotoxin producing Escherichia coli O157 (VTECO157) and means of prevention. STUDY DESIGN Outbreak investigation: retrospective cohort study. SETTING A nursery (child care centre) in North Wales. SUBJECTS Children attending (n = 104). METHODS Faeces were examined using sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC), with cefixime, tellurite, ...
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