Aim: To compare the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with and without drain. Study design: Randomized controlled trial Place and duration of study: Surgical department of CMH lahore medical and dental college Unit I, II, III and IV, Jinnah hospital, Lahore.6 months 15-11-2009 to 14-05-2010. Patient and methods: Five hundred and seventy cases of gallstone disease were registered who fulfi...

Objective] Recently, the effectiveness of closed wound drainage has been evaluated for various types of orthopedic surgery. Some studies showed insufficient evidence to support the routine use of a drain. In the current analysis, the efficacy of closed suction drainage in anterior spinal fusion for lumbar spinal tuberculosis was retrospectively evaluated. [Patients and Methods] Ninety-one conse...

W hen most people think about the adult fi lm industry it's likely that few have in mind the rights of workers within this industry. A paper in this month's issue of PLoS Medicine [1], however, takes just that point of view and concludes that the time has come for this highly profi table industry to self-regulate, and specifi cally to address the issue of the health of its workers. The workers ...

The roof solar chimney (RSC) is a low cost passive ventilation technique for reducing the energy consumption for cooling buildings. This study examines the performance and level of energy savings by simulating a detached home in four climates with RSC, cross-ventilation, and standard ventilation strategies. Each case was simulated in ESP-r for baseline and high efficiency construction, detached...

laparoscopy has made a revolution in surgical procedures and treatment of various diseases but its complications are still under investigation. intra-abdominal visceral and vessel injuries, trocar site hernia, and leaving foreign bodies into the peritoneal cavity are among some laparoscopic surgery complications. this is a rare report of penrose drain migration following incomplete laparoscopic...

r a 200 .046 .: +44 19 all@durh Summary Water discolouration is a major management problem for UK water companies as a proportion of the supply relies on runoff from peat-covered catchments. Many peats have been drained using surface ditches but this has been shown to lead to more severe water discolouration. Drain-blocking is now actively encouraged in UK peatlands to promote peatland habitats...

the split-block experimental design with three replications was used to study the effect of subsoiling in different distances from drain axison soil salinity,and wheat yield. the measurements included soil cone index, soil bulkdensity, infiltration rate and electrical conductivity of saturated extract. each treatment was composed of two factors. the main factors consisted of 3 different distanc...

Surface and subsurface water collection in small seasonal rivers is very crucial, particularly in dry seasons. In this study a type of intake is introduced which acts as a river drainage network. An experimental model of the subsurface intake was constructed and the effective parameters such as upstream discharge, installation depth, and drain intervals were evaluated. The results showed that t...

BACKGROUND Intra-abdominal abscesses are the most common complication after perforated appendicitis and remain a significant problem ranging in incidence from 14 to 18%. Drainage following appendectomy is usually determined by whether the underlying appendicitis is simple or complicated and largely determined by the surgeons' belief, based on expertise or personal opinion. In this report we dis...