This paper describes results of a detailed literature review of the organic and inorganic by-products that have been identified as being formed in aqueous solution with four of the strong oxidizing/disinfecting agents commonly employed in drinking water treatment. These agents are: chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramine, and ozone. Significant findings include the production of similar nonchlor...

Exposure to relatively low concentrations of chlorinated chemicals such as hypochlorite can reduce the performance and ultimately result in the failure of polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis membranes. Whereas the tolerance of PA membranes to chloramine solutions is considerably higher than that of hypochlorite, the presence of some metal ions can potentially catalyze and accelerate degradation reac...

N-tert-Butylbenzenesulfenamide (1) catalyzed oxidation of various alcohols with stoichiometric amount of anhydrous chloramines-T (2) proceeded smoothly at room temperature to afford the corresponding carbonyl compounds in good yields.

Quinoline scaffold are found in many natural products and they exhibit remarkable biological activities like Antimalerial, antibacterial, antiasthmatic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory agents and antiobesity. Aryl-substituted quinolines act as ligands for 5-lipoxygenase , tyrosine kinase , leukotriene 11 and other receptors. Furthermore, polyquinolines were shown to undergo hierarchical sel...

Abstract Ethyl carbamate (EC), a genotoxic and carcinogenic compound, is an undesirable trace component in spirits whisky. The precursor of EC produced from barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) malt primarily cyanogenic glycosidic nitrile (GN) known as epiheterodendrin (EPH). EPH production genetically controlled barley, low or non-GN varieties exist can be by using for production. Here, we report on r...

Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM), used medically to highlight soft tissues, are considered generally safe, and patients excrete 95% of the dose within 24 hours, making them a valuable tool in medical imaging. But a new study shows that excreted ICM react with chloramine and chlorine at water treatment plants to form toxic iodinated disinfection by-products (iodo-DBPs). 1 " ICM are definitel...