: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the long-term microvascular complications Diabetes mellitus. Chronic hyperglycemia cause abnormalities to both retina and choroid. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) a non-invasive fundus imaging modality, which plays vital role in revealing pathogenesis development retinal–choroidal diseases. This prospective observational study included 128 eyes 64 subjec...

Purpose In humans, rodents, and pigeons, the dark → light transition signals nonretinal brain tissue to increase choroidal thickness, a major control element of choroidal blood flow, and thus of photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium function. However, it is unclear which photopigments in the retina relay the light signal to the brain. Here, we test the hypothesis that melanopsin (Opn4)-r...

BACKGROUND/AIMS It is well known that light skin pigmentation is a risk factor for cutaneous melanoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the analogous association between choroidal pigmentation and posterior uveal melanoma. METHODS Cross sectional study of 65 consecutive patients diagnosed with posterior uveal melanoma (melanoma group) and 218 consecutive patients referred for general ...

PURPOSE To report the clinical findings of 2 patients with focal choroidal excavation in the macula detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS Three eyes of 2 patients with a focal macular choroidal excavation detected by SD-OCT were studied. The eyes were examined by fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography, fundus-related microperimetry, and mul...

Purpose To investigate the effects of homocysteine on choroidal angiogenesis, we established an ex vivo choroidal sprouting explant model and examined the potential growth factors for angiogenesis. Methods Choroid fragments with retinal pigment epithelium were isolated from mouse and embedded in Matrigel. Homocysteine at different concentrations were added to the culture mediums. The choroida...

AIMS To evaluate abnormalities in the choroidal circulation in cases of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS A complete clinical ophthalmological examination was performed using simultaneous fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) angiography with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and the digital images analysed in 36 consecutive patients with acute CSC. To quantify the chor...

Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the ventromedial part of the superior salivatory nucleus (SSN) mediate vasodilation of orbital and choroidal blood vessels, via their projection to the nitrergic pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) neurons that innervate these vessels. We recently showed that the baroresponsive part of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) innervates choroidal control paras...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to report optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiographic findings in a patient with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). CASE REPORT A 39-year-old woman, who was diagnosed with PIH, reported blurred and distorted vision at 5 days after an emergency cesarean delivery. OCT revealed a large serous retinal detachment (SRD) that included areas in the m...

Choroidal metastasis is rare in cancer patients and it may cause visual disturbances that reduce their quality of life. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), targeted therapy against actionable driver mutations has gradually replaced radiotherapy as the treatment of choice for choroidal metastasis. Recently, there have been several case reports of choroidal metastasis in patients with anaplast...

Purpose To report the swept-source optical coherence tomographic (OCT) findings in two eyes with choroidal metastases. Observations Two patients with choroidal metastasis were studied. The metastasis was from a breast cancer in Case 1 and from a lung cancer in Case 2. In Case 1, swept-source OCT showed a highly reflective solid tumor with low optical reflective tissues that had replaced the c...