Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is common in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus, and coinfection is associated with higher rates of HBV replication and more rapid liver disease progression than HBV monoinfection. This study evaluates the prevalence and virological profiles of hepatitis B infection in a cohort of long term survivors, with multiple antiretroviral treatments....

Despite the use of preventive measures, particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine, and recent advances in antiviral therapy, chronic HBV infection has still remained a public health concern among infected dialysis patients because it results in an increased risk of morbidity and mortality (1). However, Alavian et al. have shown that the prevalence of HBV infection among hemodialysis (HD) pat...

The absence of readily manipulable experimental systems to study the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens has thus far precluded a definitive demonstration of the role played by this response in the pathogenesis of liver cell injury and viral clearance during HBV infection. To circumvent the problem that HBV infection of human cells in vitro for product...

background blood born viral infections such as hepatitis b virus (hbv) are major concerns in chronic hemodialysis (chd) patients and hemodialysis units. undetected hbs ag in the presence of viral dna, occult hbv infection (obi), is a concern in the care of chd patients and hemodialysis unit as a mode of transmission. objectives in this case-control study we compare the frequency of obi in the c...

BACKGROUND International migrants experience increased mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma compared to host populations, largely due to undetected chronic hepatitis B infection (HBV). We conducted a systematic review of the seroprevalence of chronic HBV and prior immunity in migrants arriving in low HBV prevalence countries to identify those at highest risk in order to guide disease prevent...

OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is the well-known major complication in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Fewer reports are available of the relationship between bone loss and chronic HBV infection. We investigated the bone mineral density (BMD) and prevalence of osteoporosis in chronic HBV patients in comparison with healthy subjects. METHODS We assessed 148 chronic HBV patients and 148 age-...

CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells have been shown to maintain peripheral tolerance against self and foreign antigens. In this study we analyzed the effect of circulating CD4+ CD25+ T cells on CD8+-T-cell responses of patients with chronic and resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We demonstrated that circulating CD4+ CD25+ T cells modulate the function and expansion of HBV-specific CD8+ cells...

Lamivudine, a nucleoside analogue, has been used widely as an effective antiviral agent for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the YMDD motif mutation of HBV polymerase resistant to lamivudine occurs very frequently after long term therapy. We developed an oligonucleotide chip for the detection of YMDD motif mutants resistant to lamivudine and inv...

In this study, we investigated the roles of T follicular helper (TFH) cells and related molecules in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The levels of circulating TFH cells and their surface CD40 ligand (CD40L), as well as CD19(+) B cells and their surface CD40 expression were detected by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood plasma interleukin (IL)-21 levels were detected...

hepatitis b is the most common cause of acute and chronic viral hepatitis in iran. it is the etiology of 70% of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in the country. before the universal neonatal vaccination in iran (1992), the contact rate with hbv was about 30% and the hbs ag+ rate was about 3%. in 2009 the contact rate has declined to 18% and hbsag+ rate decreased to 2%. the e...