Summary The treatment landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has shifted from chemotherapy-based approaches to targeted agents in the last decade. However, evolving drug resistance and accumulating toxicity remain challenges that still limit patients’ clinical outcomes. Furthermore, currently licensed such as inhibitors Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) anti-apoptotic protein B‑cell lymph...

Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked mutations in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase cause motor neuron death through one or more acquired toxic properties. An early event in the mechanism of toxicity from such mutants is now demonstrated to be activation of caspase-1. Neuronal death, however, follows only after months of chronic caspase-1 activation concomitantly with activation of the ...

Chronic toxicity, rat: No data gap, possible adverse effect Chronic toxicity, dog: No data gap, no adverse effect indicated Oncogenicity, rat: No data gap, no adverse effect indicated Oncogenicity, mouse: No data gap, no adverse effect indicated Reproduction, rat: No data gap, no adverse effect indicated Teratology, rat: No data gap, no adverse effect indicated Teratology, rabbit: No data gap, ...

Introduction S1 Pharmacological actions S2 Traumatic lesions and experimental cerebral oedema S2 Cerebral hypoxia and ischaemia S5 Synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter levels S13 Learning performance, memory and brain ageing S17 Experimental withdrawal syndrome and intoxications S19 Toxicity S20 Acute toxicity S20 Subacute toxicity S20 Chronic toxicity S20 Teratogenicity S20 Pharmacokinet...

Chronic toxicity, rat: No data gap, no adverse effect Chronic toxicity, dog: No data gap, no adverse effect Oncogenicity, rat: No data gap, no adverse effect Oncogenicity, mouse: No data gap, no adverse effect Reproduction, rat: No data gap, no adverse effect Teratology, rat: No data gap, no adverse effect Teratology, rabbit: No data gap, no adverse effect Gene mutation: No data gap, no adverse...

Lithium salts are the mainstay of treatment of bipolar disorder. However, the therapeutic index of lithium is narrow, and severe side effects may be seen. Nephrotoxicity is the most important side effect, which may progress to chronic renal failure. In this pictorial essay, we present ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings of renal toxicity secondary to ch...

Chronic toxicity, rat: No data gap, no adverse effect indicated. Chronic toxicity, dog: No data gap, no adverse effect indicated. Oncogenicity, rat: No data gap, no adverse effect indicated. Oncogenicity, mouse: No data gap, no adverse effect indicated. Reproduction, rat: No data gap, no adverse effect indicated. Teratology, rat: No data gap, no adverse effect indicated. Teratology, rabbit: No ...

An experiment was conducted to study chlorpyrifos chronic toxicity in broilers and the protective effect of vitamin C. Oral administration of 0.8 mg/kg body weight (bw) (1/50 LD50) chlorpyrifos (Radar(®)), produced mild diarrhea and gross lesions comprised of paleness, flaccid consistency and slightly enlargement of liver. Histopathologically, chlorpyrifos produced degenerative changes in vario...

This study aims to evaluate and identify potential environmental contaminants from the production process of ground coffee. The research was conducted at CV. XYZ in Bali province, Indonesia which processes dry coffee beans into with trademark “Kopi PQR”. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) used impacts by applying Environmental Design Industrial Product (EDIP) method SimaPro 8.20 software. Analytical N...

Chronic exposure of pancreatic islets to supraphysiologic concentrations of glucose causes adverse alterations in beta cell function, a phenomenon termed glucose toxicity and one that may play a secondary pathogenic role in type 2 diabetes. However, no mechanism of action has been definitively identified for glucose toxicity in beta cells. To ascertain whether chronic oxidative stress might pla...