We present a streamlined data model for representation of biochemical processes which consistently adopts a perspective on these processes as molecular events. Our model references a small number of established foundational relations predominantly from RO and employs BFO as upper ontology. It addresses some of the limitations in terms of interoperability, semantic compatibility and expressivity...

This paper examines the primitive relations (dependence, quality, and constitution) of the BFO and DOLCE upper ontologies, employed in developing domain ontologies of the biomedical sciences. The strengths in both upper ontologies are examined, which sets a framework for developing a common upper ontology that utilizes the assets of both.

Ciliated airway epithelial cells are subject to sustained changes in intracellular CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) during exacerbations of airway diseases, but the role of CO(2)/HCO(3)(-)-sensitive soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) in ciliary beat regulation is unknown. We now show not only sAC expression in human airway epithelia (by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence) but also its specific localiz...

Today, Complex African Society; African Traditional Medicine (ATM) is used in parallel to Conventional Medicine (CM). Various attempts have been made to bridge the gap between African Traditional Medicine and Conventional Medicine in order to harmonize treatment and to create equal form of therapeutic cooperation. Although there is some minimal form of collaboration, African Traditional Medicin...

The idea of this paper is to detect the cancer from the liver image. The shape features of the cancer region are measured and it will be used for further diagnosis. The threshold for image segmentation is obtained by using triclass thresholding method. In this method, based upon the threshold the regions are divided into 3 classes. The first and second classes are foreground and background regi...

Mammals ovulate an oocyte cumulus complex (OCC), which contains, in addition to the oocyte, numerous cumulus cells and an extensive extracellular matrix (Mahi-Brown and Yanagimachi, 1983; Talbot and DiCarlantonio, 1984). OCCs are ovulated into the peritoneal or bursal cavity and then picked up by the infundibulum of the oviduct and carried into the ampulla where fertilization occurs (Harper, 19...

The study of nasal ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ultrastructure may contribute to the understanding of pathognomonic cases of male infertility associated with defects in sperm motility. This study was designed to report a particular case of male infertility, characterized by the association of two respiratory autosomal recessive genetic diseases (alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency [AAT-D] and pr...

The mechanisms by which light elicits a pho­ totactic response in sponge larvae remain poorly understood. Here we investigate histological and behavioral aspects of the photoresponse in parenchym­ ella larvae of three demosponges. Two species are pho­ tonegative during their entire larval life, while the other, initially photopositive, becomes photonegative only after swimming in the laboratory...

Four cerebral ventricles exist in mammals and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fills the ventricles. Hydrocephalus is induced by overproduction of CSF, defective absorption of CSF, and obstruction of flow. Ependymal cells, a type of glial cell, are simple columnar epithelium cells lining the ventricles of the brain and the ventricular surface of ependymal cells is covered with motile cilia. CSF flows ...

We demonstrated a method to trim the beat frequency of dual-polarization fiber grating lasers by side-exposing the laser cavity to UV beam. The UV-side-illumination induces an additional birefringence of the cavity fiber and therefore permanently changes the beat frequency of the laser. The beat frequency can be trimmed up or trimmed down, depending on the UV incident direction relative to the ...