Cancer is caused by aberrant genetic and epigenetic changes in genes expression. DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs gene deregulation are the most known epigenetic changes in different stages of cancer. Since every tumor has its own specific epigenome, any abnormal pattern is a potential biomarker for classification of different types of tumors. Despite, tumorigenesis, abnorma...

BACKGROUND Renal epithelial tumors are morphologically, biologically, and clinically heterogeneous. Different morphologic subtypes require specific management due to markedly different prognosis and response to therapy. Each common subtype has characteristic chromosomal gains and losses, including some with prognostic value. However, copy number information has not been readily accessible for c...

Thymic epithelial tumors account for 15-21.7% of mediastinal tumors and 47% of anterior mediastinal tumors (Chen et al., 2002; Engels and Pfeiffer, 2003). Until 2004, there was a wide range of pathological classifications for thymic tumors (Travis et al., 2004; Okumura et al., 2008). The World Health Organization (WHO) updated the pathological classification in 2004, and thymic tumors are now c...

BACKGROUND The incidence of salivary gland tumors is claimed to be influenced by geographical and racial factors. The pathological classification and nomenclature of salivary gland tumors as defined by WHO classification (1991), is accepted world-wide but little is available in the literature regarding the spectrum of salivary gland tumors in Africa in the basis of this classification. Such eff...

Summary In the last decade, a number of genetic alterations in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) have been identified. addition, differences tumor morphology as well proliferation index (Ki-67) or mitoses led to changes classification these neoplasms. According new World Health Organization (WHO) classification, GEP-NENs are now divided into two genetically and prognost...

BACKGROUND Testicular tumors are the most common genital neoplasms in male dogs, with Leydig cell tumors (LCT), seminomas (SEM), and Sertoli cell tumors (SCT) the most common forms. Human SEM are classified as classical (CSEM) or spermatocytic (SSEM). Intratubular germ cell neoplasia of undifferentiated origin (IGCNU) is another form of human testicular tumor. The aim of this study was to verif...

Background: Meningiomas are considered extra-axial and benign tumors. Though they are pathologically classified as benign, non-benign and other types, it seems that information derived from this classification cannot explain the behavior of the tumor. Pretumoral brain edema (PTBE) is one of the signs that has been less thoroughly studied, and still there is not a single consensus about its mech...

HIGHLIGHTS The proposed approach performs the classification of breast tumors in histopathology images. evaluates a multi-feature classifier for risk stratification. performance different classifiers is compared under data division protocols. highest accuracy 99.85% after feature selection reported.

The Computer associated-learning is one of the most significant achievements in field medical imaging. Generally, we use different technologies like computer tomography (CT scan) to diagnose disease or injury; lungs, liver, brain, etc. For this research, have used MRI image datasets for identification Brain tumor classification and non-tumor classification. Tumors are generally abnormal growth;...

The 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification Tumours Eye and Orbit is latest step in standardizing diagnostic practice worldwide. Building upon 4th edition, published 2018, introduces new chapters on eyelid orbital tumors, consolidates sections hematolymphoid soft tissue bone metastases genetic tumor predisposition syndromes into dedicated chapters. Written format other...