BACKGROUND The prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has increased during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan compared with 20th century military conflicts. The aim of this study was to elucidate injury-specific correlates of combat-related TBI that have yet to be clearly defined. PARTICIPANTS Predominately Marine US service members who sustained brain injuries in Iraq between March 2004 an...

BACKGROUND This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence, severity and mode of splenic trauma and management technique from amongst the abdominal trauma cases admitted in Ayub Teaching Hospital. METHODS The study was carried out at Surgery units of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, the only referral hospital for major trauma cases, from July 2001 to Dec. 2002. One hundred consecutiv...

INTRODUCTION Anterior cruciate ligament rupture is a common injury in sports practice. It can be associated to many other injuries; the most frequent ones include meniscal and chondral injuries. Those injuries may be acute as a result of trauma, or chronic as a result of instability occasioned by anterior cruciate ligament injuries(1). Menisci play an important functional role in the knee, beca...

AIM The purpose of this series of cases was to analyse our management of orthopaedic trauma casualties in the Libyan civil war crisis in the European summer of 2014. We looked at both damage control orthopaedics and for case variety of war trauma at a civilian hospital. Due to our geographical proximity to Libya, Malta was the closest European tertiary referral centre. Having only one Level 1 t...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is classified into seven phylogenetically distinct genotypes, which are further subdivided into related subtypes. Accurate assignment of genotype/subtype is mandatory in the era of directly acting antivirals. Several molecular methods are available for HCV genotyping; however, a relevant number of samples with indeterminate, mixed, or unspecified subtype results, or even...

Abstract Background and Aims: IP-10 molecule is a new biomarker to predict response to treatment in chronic HCV infection. Also urine IP-10 has been suggested as a biomarker in other infections. But already, it has low data in urine as well as serum level of IP-10 for HCV infection. The aim of this study was to assess urine and serum level of IP-10 in patients with type 1 and 3a HCV infect...

Several lines of evidence show the importance of angiotensin II (AII) in renal injuries, especially when hemodynamic abnormalities are involved. To elucidate the role of AII in immune-mediated renal injury, we studied anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis in AII type 1a receptor (AT1a)-deficient homozygous (AT1a-/-) and wild-type (AT1a+/+) mice. A transient activation of the renin-a...

BACKGROUND Bile duct injuries (BDI) have a wide array of presentation. Left partial injuries (Strasberg D) of the hepatic duct are the result of excessive traction, which dissects the hepatic hilum and provokes medial perforations without continuity loss. Right partial injuries (Strasberg A, B and C) are produced by direct damage to the hepatic duct or isolated injury to the right and accessory...