This study extends previous research on the relations among students' personal achievement goals, perceptions of the classroom goal structure, and reports of the use of self-handicapping strategies. Surveys, specific to the math domain, were given to 484 7th-grade students in nine middle schools. Personal performance-avoid goals positively predicted handicapping, whereas personal performance-ap...

abstract creating suitable classrooms that can meet the educational needs of mentally-retarded students is vitally important. the present study explores the effect of three physical characteristics of classroom environment on the creativity of educable mentally-retarded children: window view, window size, and classroom size. the participants, one hundred 9-to-11-year-old girl students, took the...

With the progress of times, school education has undergone significant changes compared to past. In schools, form "micro classes" can be used establish a "flipped classroom", which is conducive students' autonomous learning. general, micro lesson composed teaching video, core content that students must learn. It eliminates large number useless knowledge points, new method enable learn efficient...