Nitrogen and water are very abundant in nature; however, the way they chemically react at extreme pressure–temperature conditions is unknown. Below 6 GPa, have been reported to form clathrate compounds. Here, we present Raman spectroscopy x-ray diffraction studies H2O–N2 system high pressures up 140 GPa. We find that clathrates, which locally our diamond cell experiments above 0.3 transform int...

Multicomponent clathrates may be present at the surface of icy bodies. However, their potential identification remains difficult in absence reliable spectral data. In this work, we focus on synthesized laboratory from a gas mixture N2 and CH4, which are particularly relevant for Titan, Triton or Pluto, investigate signatures low temperature (~94 K) pressure (down to 2 × 10−6 MPa). The molar com...

We explore the major characteristics of habitable environments on ocean worlds and how we can study them using Earth analogs autonomous instrumentation. for regions include interfaces (e.g., ice-water seafloor-water boundaries), hydrothermal systems, inside ice, snow, clathrates, crustal rocks. These are best known in Earth’s ocean, but they may also exist land, particularly polar regions. Impo...