Exophthalmos is typically associated with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Although originally described by Harvey Cushing, exophthalmos is an underappreciated sign of Cushing's syndrome. We present a case of a 38-year-old female who presented with severe bilateral proptosis and was subsequently diagnosed with Cushings disease. We discuss the possible mechanisms causing exophthalmos in patients with eit...

AIM Dental injuries, especially luxation and avulsion, are common. Dental trauma can cause alveolar bone fracture that can lead to tooth loss and malocclusion. Single tooth alveolar bone fractures are difficult to identify unless it protrudes through the overlying mucosa and can be visualized. Pain, malocclusion, and tooth mobility provide signs of suspected alveolar bone fractures. Integrity o...

BACKGROUND Effective control of (upright) body posture requires a proper representation of body orientation. Stroke patients with pusher syndrome were shown to suffer from severely disturbed perception of own body orientation. They experience their body as oriented 'upright' when actually tilted by nearly 20 degrees to the ipsilesional side. Thus, it can be expected that postural control mechan...

Fibrillary lines, whether in the normal cornea or in keratoconus, are faint structures which must be searched for diligently with the appropriate biomicroscopical settings, using a high magnification and oblique focal illumination of high intensity. They are unlikely to be confused with other superficial linear changes in the cornea, such as mare's tail epithelial lines, fingerprint lines and t...

BACKGROUND The degree of androgenetic alopecia is generally evaluated either by global clinical scales or time-consuming methods like phototrichogram or histological studies. We describe a new clinical and reliable scoring method based on hair diameter diversity. OBSERVATIONS (1) The clinical macroscopic scoring we propose for hair density was significantly correlated with Hamilton classifica...

Clonus is one of the important clinical sign elicited in neurology. It is the rhythmic muscle contraction which usually occurs in patients with lesions involving descending motor pathways. Repetition of this sequence of events induces rhythmic oscillation of some joints, the frequency of which is generally between 5 and 8 Hz. Clonus usually elicited at ankle and knee. Jaw clonus is rarely repor...

Bilateral non-granulomatous anterior uveitis with left vitritis and macular edema were detected in a 19-year-old woman presenting with blurred vision in her left eye. Light microscopic study of the pathologic mediastinal lymph node that was detected via contrast computed tomography imaging during etiologic study revealed nodular sclerosing and mixed cellularity Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). Ocular f...

testicular cancer typically spreads to the lymph nodes, but hematogenous dissemination to distant organs can also occur. bone metastasis is uncommon and is thought to be a poor prognostic indicator. jaw metastasis is exceedingly rare but is of great clinical significance, since it may be the first sign of an occult testicular cancer or the first evidence of relapse of a known tumor. herein, we ...

Reports about fluctuating olfactory deficits are rare, as are reports of unilateral olfactory loss. We present a case of unilateral anosmia with contralateral normosmia, presenting as rapidly fluctuating anosmia. The olfactory fluctuation occurred in sync with the average nasal cycle duration. Examination after nasal decongestion, formal smell testing, and imaging revealed unilateral, left-side...