purpose: to compare the outcomes of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (dalk) using the big-bubble technique with that of penetrating keratoplasty (pk) in patients with keratoconus. methods: this double-blind clinical trial included patients with moderate to advanced keratoconus and poor spectacle-corrected visual acuity or contact lens intolerance. refractive errors, best corrected visual acu...

introduction: clinical education is an integral part of physiotherapy education and has a special status. during this course, the students gradually acquire experience and prepare their minds to solve patient’s problems. like all programs, clinical education has formed by processes and elements on which some external factors are effective. this study has focused on the internal elements and ext...

background and objectives: squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (sccot) is the most common malignant neoplasm in oral cavity. at the time of the diagnosis of sccot regional metastases with a high mortality rate are common, which is due to the extensive lymphatic system drainage of the tongue. although the level of healthcare has significantly improved, the survival rate is still low with an un...

epidemiology and clinical study of phenylketonuria (pku) patients in khorasan province; norteast iran background: phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive disease. early diagnosis is a important public health intervention to prevent neurological impairment .this study was designed to describe characteristics of phenylketonouria patients in khorasan ,northeast of iran. methods: we included all ...

fibrosis is the pathological condition resulting in the growth of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or body system as a reparative or reactive process. in the field of clinical pathology, clinicians and medical scientists are endeavoring to translate experimental knowledge into effective, innovative treatments for a range of fibrotic conditions. the amelioration of whole organ functi...

objectives: immunodeficiency duo to hiv infection can produce unusual diseases in infected individuals & cd4 count is the main predictor of disease progression. in this study clinical syndromes resulting in admition, are considered according to cd4 count for the beter diagnosis and treatment of clinical problemes in hiv infected patients. materrial & methods: this is a cross - sectional...

marek's disease (md) is the most common lymphoproliferative diseases of chickens; during the last year the incidence of md was  investigated among slaughter houses and suspected broiler farms, located in  isfahan (iran) as the region of  highest density of poultry husbandry by histopathology,  for subclinical md investigation, in  total 1550 chickens originated  from slaughter houses  were exam...

background and purpose: experience and clinical competence are the important factors affecting the level of dignity and respect for nurses. this study aimed to evaluate the observance rate of respect for nurses from physicians, colleagues, patients and their family members. methods: this study was conducted on 200 nurses selected by census sampling from hospitals of sanandaj, kurdistan, iran in...