Targeted temperature management was adopted as part of the treatment of unconscious survivors of out-ofhospital cardiac arrest following the publication of two landmark studies [1,2] which concluded that mild induced hypothermia (32°C to 34°C) improved survival and neurological outcome, substantiating the neuroprotective effect of mild hypothermia described in experimental animal data [3]. Subs...

Historically, phase II trials in oncology generally had a single-arm design, constructed to distinguish between a tumor response rate felt to indicate a lack of promise (often 5%) and a rate that would indicate potential benefit (often 20%), with a one-sided type I error rate of 5% to 10% and a type II error rate of 10% to 20%. The dominant use of this design was based on the premise that an ag...

BACKGROUND Mapping the international landscape of clinical trials may inform global health research governance, but no large-scale data are available. Industry or non-industry sponsorship may have a major influence in this mapping. We aimed to map the global landscape of industry- and non-industry-sponsored clinical trials and its evolution over time. METHODS We analyzed clinical trials initi...

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are among the most rigorous ways to determine the causal relationship between an intervention and important clinical outcome. Their use in veterinary medicine has become increasingly common, and as is often the case, with progress comes new challenges. Randomized clinical trials yield important answers, but results from these studies can be unhelpful or even mi...

Oncology clinical trials are important in the improvement of outcomes for people with or at risk for cancer. Because of the complexity of oncology clinical trials and the needs of patients with cancer, nurses play a crucial and unique role in the trial setting. However, great variability exists in how the role of the nurse on a research team is defined and implemented. An Oncology Nursing Socie...

Background Public involvement in clinical trials has developed rapidly and is now expected by funders, research ethics committees, researchers and members of the public. Despite benefitting the research, researchers and public members involved, public involvement can be challenging and tokenistic. For several years, a cancer clinical trials unit (CTU) in Wales, in association with a government ...