By considering the energy cost of messages carried by proteins as proportional to their information content we found experimental proof that proteins from all living organisms tend to have their estimated semantic content of information per unit mass, statistically, close to a constant. Thus, in the message carried by proteins −to achieve minimum energy waste− the rate of information content pe...

Children in single-parent families, particularly children born to unmarried parents, are at high risk for experiencing material hardship. Previous research based on cross-sectional data suggests that father involvement, especially visitation, diminishes hardship. This article uses longitudinal data to examine the associations between nonresident fathers' involvement with their children and mate...

This paper provides simple approximations for evaluating option prices and implied volatilities under stochastic volatility. Simple recursive formulae are derived that can easily be implemented in spreadsheets. The traditional random walk assumption, dominating in the analysis of financial markets, is compared with mean reversion which is often more relevant in commodity markets. Deterministic ...

We analyze seismic waves excited by small Strombolian explosions to understand the source process of volcanic explosions. deployed five broadband seismometers at only 100–300 m away from active craters Stromboli volcano, Italy. Moment tensor inversion entire signals in 0.05–0.2 Hz band locates a depth 170 and 150–200 west/southwest crater where acoustic are excited. Contrary, sources 0.2–0.5 0....

Spatially homogeneous thermal explosions governed by a three-step chain-branching kinetic model are described in the asymptotic limit of large activation energy for a range of chain-branching cross-over temperatures. The model consists of a sequence of chain-initiation, chain-branching and chain-termination steps. Temperaturesensitive Arrhenius kinetics is employed for the initiation and branch...