Background Oxygenation-sensitive (OS) imaging relies on alterations of deoxyhemoglobin (dHb) in the blood. Thus signal intensity (SI) is dependent on the factors that shift the dHb fraction; oxygen saturation, tissue oxygen extraction and blood supply. We aimed to physically measure and compare these parameters while manipulating myocardial oxygenation with systemic CO2 changes. These changes c...

Estimates of the natural CO2 flux over Europe inferred from in situ measurements of atmospheric CO2 mole fraction have been used previously to check top-down flux estimates inferred from space-borne dry-air CO2 column (XCO2) retrievals. Several recent studies have shown that CO2 fluxes inferred from XCO2 data from the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) and the Scanning Imagin...

We describe atmospheric validation of 1:61 mm and 2:06 mm CO2 absorption coefficient databases for use by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2). The OCO-2 mission will collect the measurements needed to estimate column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction within 1 ppm accuracy without the regionor airmass-dependent biases that would significantly degrade efforts to understand carbon sources and...

BACKGROUND LMNA mutations are an important cause of cardiomyopathy often leading to cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure and even heart transplantation. An increasing number of asymptomatic mutation carriers are identified, as family members of the index patients are screened. Our aim was to study the disease progression in asymptomatic LMNA mutation carriers and in patients with symptomatic card...

[1] Diffusion dominates the transport of trace gases between soil and the atmosphere. Pressure gradients induced by atmospheric flow and wind interacting with topographical features cause a small but persistent bulk flow of air within soil or snow. This forcing, called pressure pumping or wind pumping, leads to a poorly quantified enhancement of gas transport beyond the rate of molecular diffus...

The role of hexokinase in carbohydrate degradation in isolated, intact chloroplasts was evaluated. This was accomplished by monitoring the evolution of 14CO2 from darkened spinach (Spinacia oleracea), maize (Zea mays) mesophyll, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplasts externally supplied with 14C-labeled fructose, glucose, mannose, galactose, maltose, and ribose. Glucose and ribose were the ...

Phase equilibrium experimental data for the CO2/glycerol system are reported in this paper. The measurements were performed using an in situ FT-IR method for temperatures ranging from 40 C to 200 C and pressures up to 35.0 MPa, allowing determination of the mutual solubility of both compounds. Concerning the CO2 rich phase, it was observed that the glycerol solubility in CO2 was extremely low (...

BACKGROUND In patients with chronic heart failure, abnormal ventilation at cardiopulmonary testing (expressed by minute ventilation-to-carbon dioxide production, or VE/VCO2 slope, and resting end-tidal CO2 pressure) may derive either from abnormal autonomic or chemoreflex regulation or from lung dysfunction induced by pulmonary congestion. The latter hypothesis is supported by measurement of pu...

Anhydrous sodium acetate will serve as the catalyst with maleic, chloro-maleic, and methylglutaconic anhydrides, giving yields of 0.54, 0.22, and 1.02 moles CO2 per mole of anhydride. The products of all these reactions are black and brown-black, are soluble in acetone, acetophenone, dioxane, and aqueous alkali and are insoluble in benzene, toluene, ether, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, a...

We report on the production of a F = 1 spinor condensate of Rb atoms in a single beam optical dipole trap formed by a focused CO2 laser. The condensate is produced 13 mm below the tip of a scanning electron microscope employing standard all-optical techniques. The condensate fraction contains up to 100,000 atoms and we achieve a duty cycle of less than 10 s.