Polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber couplers (PM-PCFCs) were fabricated using a CO2 laser irradiation technique. We could control the states of air holes in the tapered region of couplers by adjusting the laser power density in the fusion and the elongation processes. It was demonstrated that the air hole remaining PM-PCFC exhibited polarization-splitting characteristics and that th...

The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser was first introduced in 1964 by Patel and has been extensively used in the next two decades as an incision tool in increasingly wide areas, such as neurosurgery, dermatology and plastic surgery, otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, gynecology, and general surgery. In 1984, its reliability resulted in its approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and thus, ...

Melanocytic nevus is common pigmented skin tumor, but it has rare occurrence near the external auditory canal. A skin graft is required if a wide surgical excision is performed for the nevi occurring near the external auditory canal. A CO2 laser was considered to be a good alternative for the removal of melanocytic nevus in this area. We herein report a case of compound nevus occurring near the...

673 after CO2 laser treatment with staged excisions and covered with local advancement flaps, but the patient was satisfied with the cosmetic results and there was no recurrence. Consequently, physicians should take note that insufficient treatment, including CO2 laser or any surgical excision, can cause recurrence, as in this case. We suggest that staged excision can be another treatment modal...

Laser surgery represents the evolution of endoscopic surgery and, as far as concerns treatment of laryngeal tumours, CO2 laser cordectomy is considered a valid alternative to conventional surgery (laryngofissure cordectomy) and to exclusive radiotherapy for glottic carcinomas, classified as T1a, T1b and T2. The present report focuses on personal experience with CO2 laser cordectomy over the las...

BACKGROUND Transmyocardial revascularization with a CO2 laser appears to improve symptoms in patients with refractory angina. However, it remains controversial as to whether blood flow through the channels is the mechanism of benefit, especially in the acute setting. METHODS AND RESULTS Three protocols were used to test whether blood flows through transmyocardial CO2 laser revascularization c...

Our new waveguide pulsed CO2 laser, with peak powers above 1 kW, has allowed us to observe 24 new farinfrared laser lines emitted by hydrazine. Each of them is characterized in wavelength, relative polarization, intensity, optimum operating pressure and pump offset from the center of the exciting CO2 line. These new laser emissions either form pairs sharing the same pump line, or complete such ...

Thermal insult to pulpal tissue is recognized as a major limitation to the use of lasers for dental hard-tissue procedures. This study examined thermal changes at the level of the dental pulp in human molar teeth irradiated with a CO2 dental laser using a pulsed mode of operation. Sectioned molar teeth were exposed, in vitro, to CO2 laser radiation. The laser parameters were those used clinical...

The dynamics of debris from laser produced Tin (Sn) plasma was investigated for EUV light source. The kinetic behaviors of the Sn atoms and of the dense particles from Sn droplet target irradiated by double pulses from the Nd:YAG laser and the CO2 laser were also investigated by the laser-induced fluorescence imaging method and a high-speed imaging, respectively. After the pre-pulse irradiation...

Laser plasma interaction with micro-engineered targets at relativistic intensities has been greatly promoted by recent progress in the high contrast lasers and the manufacture of advanced micro- and nano-structures. This opens new possibilities for the physics of laser-matter interaction. Here we propose a novel approach that leverages the advantages of high-pressure CO2 laser, laser-waveguide ...