Much if not all of the chlorine present in fossil fuels is released into the atmosphere as hydrogen chloride (HC1) and chloromethane (CH3C1, methyl chloride). The chlorine content of oilbased fuels is so low that these sources can be neglected, but coal combustion provides ignificant releases. On the basis of national statistics for the quantity and quality of coal burned during 1990 in power a...

FIG. 1.-Diagram of gas-generator. 1 = metal lid. 2 = aperture of container. 3 = tap with automatic valve. 4 = space (+ of container) for collecting the gas mixture produced. 5 = pipes for conducting the mixed coal-gas to filters. 6 = space (Q of container) serving as fuel bed for the charcoal (combustion chambers). 7 = iron chamber with inner wall of firebricks (height: 1-50 m, diameter: 0 70 m...

Sediment chronologies from inland lakes suggest the influence of local to sub-regional scale sources for mercury (Hg). However, apportionment of sources for Hg using sediment chronologies is difficult due to the mixing of sources and pathways. Mercury and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) often share common sources and pathways into the environment. Thus, chronologies of PAHs in dated core...

During 2001-2006, PM2.5 (particle matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microns) and PM10 (particle matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microns) were collected at the Beijng Normal University (BNU) site, China, and in 2006, at a background site in Duolun (DL). The long-term monitoring data of elements, ions, and black carbon showed that the major constituents of PM2.5 were bl...

Coal is the primary fuel for electricity generation in India and its usage is continuously increasing to meet the energy demands of the country. This paper presents emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitric oxide (NO) from thermal power plants in India for a period of nine years from 2001-02 to 2009-10. The emission estimates are based on a model in which the mass emis...

The coal burnout of a semi-anthracite was studied under oxy-firing conditions in an entrained flow reactor. The results obtained under oxy-fuel conditions were compared with those attained in air. The replacement of CO2 by 10 and 20% of steam in the oxyfuel combustion atmospheres was also evaluated in order to study the wet recirculation of flue gas. The results showed a decrease on coal burnou...

This paper presents emission factors (EFs) derived for a range of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) when coal and wood were subject to controlled burning experiments, designed to simulate domestic burning for space heating. A wide range of POPs were emitted, with emissions from coal being higher than those from wood. Highest EFs were obtained for particulate matter, PM10, (approximately 10 g...

Background: Yearly the Shanxi coal chemical industry extracts many coal resources, producing at the same time many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are emitted as by-products of coal incomplete combustion. Methods: Sixty-six soil samples collected from 0 to 100 cm vertical sections of three different agricultural (AS), roadside (RS) and park (PS) functional soils around a chemical p...

This paper is directed towards understanding how composition of the coal transport medium (primary CO2 and O2) affects the observed ignition stand-off distance in 40 kW co-axial turbulent diffusion, oxy-coal flames, supported in a specially designed combustion test rig, rated at 100 kW. First, a methodology to define and quantify the observed ignition stand-off distance in laboratory combustor ...