Elastic spherical shells loaded under uniform pressure are subject to equal and opposite compressive probing forces at their poles to trigger and explore buckling. When the shells support external pressure, buckling is usually axisymmetric; the maximum probing force and the energy barrier the probe must overcome are determined. Applications of the probing forces under two different loading cond...

We construct shells with tunable morphology and mechanical response with colloidal particles that self-assemble at the interface of emulsion droplets. Particles self-assemble to minimize the total interfacial energy, spontaneously forming a particle layer that encapsulates the droplets. We stabilize these layers to form solid shells at the droplet interface by aggregating the particles, connect...

This study deals with the vibrational behavior of two joined cross-ply laminated conical shells. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are investigated. Joined conical shells can be considered as a general case for joined cylindrical-conical shells, joined cylinderplates or cone-plates, cylindrical and conical shells with stepped thicknesses and also annular plates. Governing equations are obtain...

In the preceding paper, the author has discussed the very important differences between the spiral growths of the aragonitic and calcitic shells, and suggested that a definite diffusion of the mother fluid existed on inner shell surface is favored by moving of the mantle in the direction of its own elongation, where concentration gradients assume to occur. Furthermore the differences between ar...

The periwinkle Littorina littorea exhibits morphological variation among southern New England populations that appear to be genetically continuous. In dense populations, individuals have relatively elongate shells in comparison to individuals in sparse populations, which have rounder, globose shells. We experimentally demonstrate that this shell variation is a function of snail growth rate. Rap...

Global warming is expected to result in milder New England winters. In this study we monitored changes in hermit crab shell quality at Nahant, Massachusetts, USA, at intervals during 17 yr between 1997 and 2014 for a single species of hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus occupying the shells of the intertidal periwinkle Littorina littorea. The incidence of hermit crabs occupying damaged shells, shel...

Mn-doped ZnS nanorods synthesized by solvothermal method were successfully coated with ZnS shells of various thicknesses. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements showed the ZnS:Mn nanorods were wurtzite structure with preferential orientation along c-axis. Transmission electron microscopy images (TEM) revealed that the ZnS shells formed from small particles, growing along a-axis orienta...

The concentrations were ranged from 1.35 ± 0.16 to 2.22 ± 0.34 µg/g (dry weight) and 2.65 ± 0.34 to 4.36 ± 0.53 µg/g (dry weight) for Cd and Pb, respectively, in blood cockle Anadara granosa from four sites of Sabang River, namely, Kampung Sambir, Kampung Tambirat, Beliong Temple, and Kampung Tanjung Apong, which are located at Asajaya, Sarawak, Malaysia. All values exceeded safety limits set b...

Road-salt pollution in streams in the Northeastern United States has become a major concern, but historical data are scarce. Freshwater bivalve shells have the ability to record past environmental information, and may act as archives of road-salt pollution. We sampled Elliptio complanata shells from four streams, as well as specimens collected in 1877. Average [Na/Ca]shell was highest in modern...

The modal testing has proven to be an effective and non-destructive test method for estimation of the dynamic stiffness and damping constant. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the modal response of stiffened Fiber Metal Laminated (FML) circular cylindrical shells using experimental and numerical techniques. For this purpose, three types of FML-stiffened shells are fabricated by a s...