Several semi-analytical algorithms have been developed to estimate the chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and phycocyanin (PC) concentrations in inland waters. This study aimed at identifying the influence of algorithm parameters on the output variables and searching optimal parameter values. The optimal parameters of seven semi-analytical algorithms were applied to estimate the Chl-a and PC concentrations....

Let L = −∆− W be a Schrödinger operator with a potential W ∈ L n+1 2 (R), n ≥ 2. We prove that there is no positive eigenvalue. The main tool is an L − Lp′ Carleman type estimate, which implies that eigenfunctions to positive eigenvalues must be compactly supported. The Carleman estimate builds on delicate dispersive estimates established in [7]. We also consider extensions of the result to var...

An estimate is derived for the error committed by the introduction of artificial boundaries and corresponding artificial boundary conditions when solving wave equations on unbounded domains. The estimate has two terms. One is proportional to the largest reflection coefficient for the artificial boundary condition, the maximum taken only on those rays which appear in the computation. The second ...

In this correspondence, statistical methods are used toestimate the error on the output signal due to quantization of filtercoefficients and the fractional part of the data bus in FIR-based multiratesystems. In addition, a convex programming model is formed to estimatethe filter coefficient wordlengths given the output signal error. The modelis capable of handling folded arc...

We estimate the thermal conductivity of a weakly collisional magnetized plasma with chaotic magnetic field fluctuations. When the fluctuation spectrum extends over two or more decades in wave-vector, we find that thermal conduction is very efficient; the conduction coefficient is only a factor ∼ 5 below the classical Spitzer estimate. We suggest that conduction could play a significant role in ...

Objective: We show that a standardized Gini coefficient that takes into account the feasible range of health inequality for a given health attribute is a better instrument than the normal Gini coefficient for quantifying inter-individual health inequality. Methods: The standardized Gini coefficient is equal to the normal Gini coefficient divided by the maximal attainable Gini coefficient, which...

A technique to estimate the depth of surface-breaking cracks in concrete is presented. The surface wave transmission coefficient across the crack plane is determined and used to estimate the depth. A self-compensating testing scheme is applied to eliminate experimental difficulties. Here the self-compensating testing scheme is introduced, and the approach used to estimate crack depth from the m...

Crop coefficient values are used to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for determining irrigation scheduling. Many important crop biophysical properties such as Percentage Vegetation Cover and Leaf Area Index can be estimated from remotely sensed Vegetation Index, in order to quantify real time vegetation growth dynamics. The objective of this study was to understand the effectiveness of ba...