Darwin provided us with a powerful theoretical framework to explain the evolution of living systems. Natural selection alone, however, has sometimes been seen as insufficient emergence new levels selection. The problem is one “circularity” for evolutionary explanations: how origins Darwinian properties without already invoking their presence at level they emerge. That is, does by natural commen...

The concept of scaffolding is generally invoked to refer to the ways in which a more expert individual assists a child by performing a part a task or by otherwise directing or supporting a child’s task-related actions. A coactive systems model of development provides a framework for examining other ways in which person-environment relations may scaffold development. From a coactive systems view...

Interpreting the student’s actions and inferring the student’s solution plan during problem solving is one of the main challenges of tutoring based on cognitive apprenticeship, especially in domains with large solution spaces. We present a student modeling framework that performs probabilistic plan recognition by integrating in a Bayesian network knowledge about the available plans and their st...

Employing mixed-method approach, this case study examined the in situ use of educational computer games in a summer math program to facilitate 4th and 5th graders’ cognitive math achievement, metacognitive awareness, and positive attitudes toward math learning. The results indicated that students developed more positive attitudes toward math learning through five-week computer math gaming, but ...

Game-based learning with scaffolding is expected to provide learners an effective and positive environment. This study developed a scaffold-oriented educational game editor that allows teachers design activities combine physical board cards. Players could obtain mobile-based by manipulating scanning the We used develop activity, "Return," for high school chemistry course, conducted preliminary ...

A role-based teaching approach was proposed in order to decrease the cognitive load placed by case-based method undergraduate novice programmer comprehension. The results are evaluated using SOLO (Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes) taxonomy. Data analysis suggested programmers with tended experience better performances, including level program comprehension, debugging scores, explaining e...

This article reports a qualitative study of cognitive assessments three teenagers with sensory and multiple disabilities, including moderate to profound developmental disability. The aim was evaluate the possibilities for adapting standardized tests implementation interactional partnership in assessment. Cognitive were made an individually-adapted psychological assessment tool, Bayley Scales In...

In this article, we reviewed the nine studies included in a special issue that addresses assessment and evaluation of simulation-based learning higher education professional training. We discussed results each study, integrated them terms their individual collective contributions to evaluating effectiveness learning, related studies’ presage, process, product factors learning. concluded researc...

introduction: as the ability to repair cartilage tissue in body is limited, finding a suitable method for cartilage regeneration has gained the attention of many scholars. for this purpose, scaffold structure and morphology, along with cell culture on it, can be a novel method to treat cartilage injuries, osteoarthritis. methods: in this study, polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) is selected as the scaff...