CONTEXT Adapting web-based (WB) instruction to learners' individual differences may enhance learning. Objectives This study aimed to investigate aptitude-treatment interactions between learning and cognitive styles and WB instructional methods. METHODS We carried out a factorial, randomised, controlled, crossover, post-test-only trial involving 89 internal medicine residents, family practice ...

The historical roots of cognitive styles are traced in differential psychology, psychoanalytic ego psychology, gestalt and cognitive-developmental psychology to illuminate the varied theoretical issues that energize (and fragment) style research. Optimal measurement of cognitive styles as information-processing regularities and as intra-individual contrasts of abilities or other attributes is d...

Learning style in SLA is one of the individual factors in SLA. This paper starts by stating the importance of studying learning styles. Then it quotes several definitions of learning style. The main part of it sums up the types and models of learning styles. Learning style is mainly divided into three categories: perceptual learning style, cognitive learning style and personality learning style...

This study examined associations between temperament at age 3 and depressotypic cognitive styles at age 7 in a community sample of children. Sixty-four preschool aged children were assessed for positive emotionality (PE) and negative emotionality (NE) using a standardized battery of laboratory tasks and naturalistic home observations. At follow-up 4 years later, the children completed laborator...

The domain specificity and generality of an important critical thinking skill was examined by administering 9 reasoning and decision-making tasks to 125 adults. Optimal performance on all of the tasks required that disjunctive processing strategies—strategies requiring the exhaustive consideration of all of the possible states of the world—be adopted. Performance across these disjunctive reason...

The combination of prior knowledge of an individual’s cognitive style with the technical solutions offered by adaptive and intelligent interfaces suggest a possible way forward with respect to the problems of information overload. This paper looks at the relevance of cognitive styles to human computer interaction and interface design. It does this in the context of the use of adaptive interface...

There has been tremendous growth in Web-based instruction over the past few years. Because the user group of Web-based instruction includes learners from heterogeneous backgrounds, individual differences become an important issue in the development of Web-based instructional programs. Among a variety of individual differences, cognitive style is a particularly important characteristic. This stu...

Cognitive styles have been shown to influence the ways people make sense of information and perceive visual scenes. Americans tend to use an analytic cognitive style, resulting in a focus on central objects; Chinese tend to use a holistic style, resulting in a focus on the entire scene. In this study, we examine how these different cognitive styles affect attention to information presented on a...

BACKGROUND Psychological processes in bipolar disorder are of both clinical and theoretical importance. AIMS To examine depressogenic psychological processes and reward responsivity in relation to different mood episodes (mania, depression, remission) and bipolar symptomatology. METHOD One hundred and seven individuals with bipolar disorder (34 in a manic/hypomanic or mixed affective state;...