Abstract The 24th Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games will be held at three competition zones in North China. cold surge is considered as the most dominant weather affecting game schedule by Organizing Committee of Beijing Games. In this article, both frequency 124 cases invading corresponding atmospheric circulation during winters 1985–2020 are first analyzed. results show that has not been re...

Ecosystem services are highly affected by human activities, especially in the fast-urbanizing regions. It is important that regional development or urbanization strategy be implemented maintaining protecting long-term provision ability of multiple ecosystem services. The spatial pattern and zoning for conservation restoration preconditions sustainable development. With Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BT...

The frequency and intensity of extreme heat in the environment have increased last decade. Extreme heating events (EHE) wide-ranging impacts on biological systems from molecular to community level. However, EHE been poorly studied pathogen–host systems. Here, we explore how affects interaction among insect hosts, Osmia cornifrons lignaria , a protozoan pathogen, Crithidia mellificae . We compar...

Dynamical considerations, presented herein via analytic scalings and numerical experiments, imply that Earth-mass planets accreting in regions that become habitable zones of M dwarf stars form within several million years. Temperatures in these regions during planetary accretion are higher than those encountered by the material that formed the Earth. Collision velocities during and after the pr...

Long-period surface waves are used to map lateral heterogeneities of velocity and anisotropy in the upper mantle. The dispersion curves are expanded in spherical harmonics up to degree 6 and inverted to find the depth structure. The data are corrected for the effect of surface layers and both Love and Rayleigh waves are used. Shear wave velocity and shear polarization anisotropy can be resolved...

We calculate the location of the magnetically-inactive dead zone in the minimum-mass protosolar disk, under ionization scenarios including stellar Xrays, longor short-lived radionuclide decay, and energetic protons arriving from the general interstellar medium, from a nearby supernova explosion, from the disk corona, or from the corona of the young star. The disk contains a dead zone in all sce...

Mixotrophs are important components of the bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, microzooplankton, and (sometimes) zooplankton in coastal and oceanic waters. Bacterivory among the phytoplankton may be important for alleviating inorganic nutrient stress and may increase primary production in oligotrophic waters. Mixotrophic phytoflagellates and dinoflagellates are often dominant components of the pla...

The importance of ALMA to quantitatively trace the evolution of gas and dust from interstellar clouds to planetary systems is discussed and illustrated with recent observational studies of molecules in lowand high-mass young stellar objects. Line surveys using single-dish submillimeter telescopes reveal large chemical variations between different sources, which are likely related to their evolu...

Snakebite envenomation is a neglected global health problem, causing substantial mortality, disability, and psychological morbidity, especially in rural tropical and subtropical zones. Antivenin is currently the only specific medicine for envenomation. However, it is restricted by cold storage, snakebite diagnosis, and high price. Snake venom phospholipase A2s (svPLA2s) are found in all kinds o...