Certain functions in groupware affect more than one user who might have conflicting interests. To describe conflicts arising from the use of groupware functions, we distinguish the roles of the activator and the user affected. As technical means to lessen these conflicts, we develop two metafunctions: visibility of use and negotiability. We expect that these metafunctions reduce role-based conf...

The need for appropriate interpretative and evaluative frameworks for understanding groupware and related technologies is discussed. Structuration is employed to examine some aspects of an implementation of groupware within one organization and various interpretative outcomes

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The activation of certain functions in groupware affects different users who might have conflicting interests. We will develop technical mechanisms to support users in regulating these conflicts. Contrary to current implementations of groupware, these mechanisms strengthen the position of the users which are affected by the activation of a function. Therefore, they provide visibility of activat...

Collaborative applications provide a group of users with the facility to communicate and share data in a coordinated way. Building collaborative applications is still a complex task. In this paper we propose a pattern system to design basic aspects of data sharing, communication, and coordination for collaborative applications. These patterns are useful for the design and development of collabo...

This paper deals with collaborative knowledge construction in videoconferencing. The main issue is about how to predict individual learning outcome, in particular how far individual prior knowledge and the collaborative knowledge construction can influence individual learning outcomes. In this context, the influence of prior knowledge and two measures of instructional support, a collaboration s...

This paper deals with collaborative knowledge construction in videoconferencing. The main issue is about how to predict individual learning outcome, in particular how far individual prior knowledge and the collaborative knowledge construction can influence individual learning outcomes. In this context, the influence of prior knowledge and two measures of instructional support, a collaboration s...

More often than not, users appear to use groupware in another way than the groupware designers intended or IT departments expected. Users tend to 're-invent' the technology by developing novel uses, giving rise to what we call ‘the evolving use of technology’. This innovative use of groupware in time leads to changed and changing work processes and individual working practices change (Hettinga ...

Deictic gestures are ubiquitous when people work over tables and whiteboards, but when collaboration occurs across distributed surfaces, the embodiments used to represent other members of the group often fail to convey the details of these gestures. Although both gestures and embodiments have been well studied, there is still little information available to groupware designers about what compon...