Biopolymer sequences often contain regions of similarity with other sequences due to homology or common function. A common method of discovering patterns in biopolymer sequences is to align a set of sequences so that certain columns of the alignment have highly non-random residue frequency distributions. The pattern can then be described in terms of a consensus pattern, motif, proole, speci-cit...

Multiple sequence alignments are powerful tools for understanding the structures, functions, and evolutionary histories of linear biological macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins), and for finding homologs in sequence databases. We address several ontological issues related to RNA sequence alignments that are informed by structure. Multiple sequence alignments are usually shown as two-dimensio...

The squirrel monkey is the only primate reported to lack ocular dominance columns. Nothing anomalous about the visual capacity of squirrel monkeys has been found to explain their missing columns, leading to the suggestion that ocular dominance columns might be "an epiphenomenon, not serving any purpose" (Livingstone et al., 1995). Puzzled by the apparent lack of ocular dominance columns in squi...

In many regions of the mammalian cerebral cortex, cells that share a common receptive field property are grouped into columns. Despite intensive study, the function of the cortical column remains unknown. In the squirrel monkey, the expression of ocular dominance columns is variable, with columns present in some animals and not in others. By searching for differences between animals with and wi...

Sequencing is the most impact factor in many production areas, such as assembly lines, batch production, Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), product sequences, process etc. The flow and analysis from one item to another can be presented by square matrix which number of rows or columns equal manipulated items, this special form called “From-To matrix”. suffers drawbacks when it applied determine ...

background and objectives: infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) has caused a therapeutic problem. vana and vanb resistant types are the predominant phenotypes among vancomycin resistant enetrococci. transposon 1546 (tn1546) harboring the vana gene cluster, plays an important role in the horizontal transfer of vana gene. in this study, we examined the phenotypic and genotypic di...

introduction: the main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of preceding pictorial stimulus on the emotional autonomic responses of the subsequent one. methods: to this effect, physiological signals, including electrocardiogram (ecg), pulse rate (pr), and galvanic skin response (gsr) were collected. as these signals have random and chaotic nature, nonlinear dynamics of t...

Despite the ubiquity of ammonium in geothermal environments and the thermodynamic favorability of aerobic ammonia oxidation, thermophilic ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms belonging to the crenarchaeota kingdom have only recently been described. In this study, we analyzed microbial mats and surface sediments from 21 hot spring samples (pH 3.4 to 9.0; temperature, 41 to 86 degrees C) from the Uni...

Distillation is a physical process used to separate a fluid mixture of two (binary) or more (multicomponent) substances into its component parts. In most cases, the components to be separated are miscible liquids with different volatilities and boiling points. This separation process is a thermal unit operation that utilizes the differences of vapour pressure to produce the separa‐ tion. In thi...

Recently, monolithic columns consisting of one piece of an organic polymer or silica with flow-through pores have been reported in the literature. These materials provide better stability and, more important, higher performance than conventional columns packed with particles. Although they can be prepared by various methods, monolithic columns prepared by the direct polymerization of monomers c...