The New Zealand dairy industry faces political and commercial pressure to improve its environmental performance while maintaining commercial competitiveness in a global marketplace. In response to such pressures, the industry has taken some steps to improve the environmental management practices of dairy farmers. Despite significant effort, however, the dairy sector remains highly influenced by...

Early developments in commercial hatchery technology, artificial incubation and brooding, marketing, diagnostic testing, and key infrastructure improvements from 1900 to 1950 contributed to the growth and present prominence of the poultry industry in the Shenandoah Valley and its importance in the agricultural economy of Virginia. In 2003, Virginia ranked 5, 9, and 31 in the nation for commerci...

In this paper we explore the impact of electronic commerce on the industry structure and market power allocation of China’s pharmaceutical industry. Firstly, we describe the overall characteristics of the pharmaceutical Industry in general. Secondly, we develop a value chain based framework of analysis for China’s pharmaceutical industry. We divide the pharmaceutical industry value chain into t...

The purification of heparin from offal is an old industrial process for which commercial recipes date back to 1922. Although chemical, chemoenzymatic, and biotechnological alternatives for this production method have been published in the academic literature, animal-tissue is still the sole source for commercial heparin production in industry. Heparin purification methods are closely guarded in...

Until recently the electrical power industry has relied solely on traditional technologies copper and iron as cables, transformers and machines as the mainstream solution for the generation, transmission and distribution of power. Whilst use of these materials and technologies is here to stay, improvements in power semiconductor technology mean that the industry is moving into a position where ...

The software industry has reverted back to normality after the dotcom era, but certain aspects appear irrevocably changed. Sometimes veteran programmers and commercial managers have complained in the past that software engineering courses taught by the universities are overly theoretical, impractical or irrelevant. At the start of the 21st century, is this long standing prejudice still true, or...

In recent years, industry sponsorship of continuing medical education (CME) has grown rapidly and now accounts for up to 65% of the total revenue of CME programs in the United States.1,2 In Canada and the United States, national guidelines state that “independent” programs should maintain scientific objectivity and independence of content and receive commercial support only through unrestricted...

the main objectives of this paper are measuring the technical efficiency of iranian thermal power plants and investigating the determinants of technical efficiency levels in these plants. stochastic nonparametric envelopment data (stoned) method applied to plant-level data over a period of thirteen years from 1999 to 2011. this is the first comprehensive analysis (to our knowledge) of technical...

The U.S. paper industry has become increasingly concentrated and therefore been suspected of imperfect competition. In this study, the new empirical industrial organization approach is employed to measure the degree of oligopoly and oligopsony power in the U.S. paper industry simultaneously. The model is estimated by iterative three-stage least squares using annual data from 1955 to 2003. The r...

Power generation industry is the key industry of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in China. Assessing its future CO2 emissions is of great significance to the formulation and implementation of energy saving and emission reduction policies. Based on the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology model (STIRPAT), the influencing factors analysis model of CO2 emission of...