In this paper, we present a novel background noise coding scheme for variable rate speech coders. Existing approaches to noise coding at very low bit rates (i.e. below 1 kbps) fail to faithfully reproduce background noise resulting in a degradation of the overall perceptual quality. In our approach, classification of the noise type is used to select the type of excitation to be used at the rece...

Variable neighborhood search (VNS) is a metaheuristic, or framework for building heuristics, based upon systematic change of neighborhoods both in a decent phase to find a local minimum, and in a perturbation phase to get out of the corresponding valley. It was first proposed in 1997 and since has rapidly developed both in its methods and its applications. Both of these aspects are thouroughly ...

In this paper, a new fix-and-optimize (FO) approach is proposed for two dynamic multi-level capacitated lot sizing problems (MLCLSP), the MLCLSP without setup carryover and the MLCLSP with setup carryover. Given an MIP model of a lot sizing problem, the approach iteratively solves a series of subproblems of the model until no better solution can be found. Each sub-problem re-optimizes a subset ...

In this paper we compare search and inference in graphical models through the new framework of AND/OR search spaces. Specifically, we compare Variable Elimination (VE) and memoryintensive AND/OR Search (AO) and place algorithms such as graph-based backjumping and no-good learning, as well as Recursive Conditioning [7] and Value Elimination [2] within the AND/OR search space.

Many statistical analyses can be undertaken to examine the relationship between two continuous variables within a group of subjects. Two of the main purposes of such analyses are: To assess whether the two variables are associated. There is no distinction between the two variables and no causation is implied, simply association. To enable the value of one variable to be predicted from any known...