This paper extends the (Lucas, Bell J Econ 9:508–523,1978) model of occupational choices by individuals with different skills, beyond the simple options of self-employment or wage-employment, by including a second choice for the selfemployed. That is, an option to hire employees and so become self-employed with employees (SEWEs), or to be self-employed without employees (SEWNEs).We solve for th...

Based on XYZ/E language, the moving communicational supervisor control system(MCSCS) based on component technology is introduced in the paper. The authors presented the system architecture and gave its XYZ/E description briefly, discussed separately that central supervision center is case of server and case of both client and server, gave the data transmission program of the XYZ/E description b...

In the secure group communication, data is transmitted in such a way that only the group members are able to receive the messages. The main problem in the solution using symmetric key is heavy re-keying cost. To reduce re-keying cost tree based architecture is used. But it requires extra overhead to balance the keytree in order to achieve logarithmic re-keying cost. The main challenging issue i...

The international globalization of the World markets for manufactured goods, particularly consumer goods, has placed an emphasis on nations to improve manufacturing productivity. This need to improve productivity is further prompted by a potential loss of competitive edge in the global marketplace. The market competitiveness and e$ciency of any nation is primarily dependent upon the economy, re...

The success of innovation is due to the relationship within teams. In this context, communication a fundamental tool add value organizations. Therefore. A system optimize these teams growing in importance. So, This study aims propose an artifact knowledge management and process flows from organizations retail sector. Likewise, it was possible comprehend influence importance processes for develo...

This paper uses data on IT labor and skills to test the hypothesis that IT-sector investment during the dot-com bubble produced a supply of new, e-commerce related technical skills that diffused to firms in IT-using industries after the bust, contributing to a) e-commerce adoption in IT-using firms and b) shifting patterns of productivity growth towards a new set of industries (the “second surg...