aim and background: individuals are faced with numerous stressful life events which can negatively influence their mental health. many individuals use smoking as a means of confronting stress. given the relatively high prevalence of smoking in central iran, the present study was conducted to compare stress levels in smokers, non-smokers, and those who had quit smoking. methods and materials: th...

the present study examines the effect of conversation based on philosophical stories in the community of inquiry on the reduction of the signs of anxiety disorders in the children between 11 and 12 of tehran. this semi-empirical study was conducted in terms of test and control groups. the participants of the study consisted of all fifth and sixth grade students of public schools of tehran (n=50...

The practitioners of community networking sense that its nature as a “Movement” is ending. But what does that mean? As daily life online becomes ordinary, and as capacity to engender community online becomes an ordinary function of daily life, what is effective in advancing community networking as a community of practice? How can we get a clear view of community networking as radical practice i...

Competitive market innovation contest platforms are increasingly used by businesses to identify new products or services to offer their customer base; yet, the degree to which social capital has been ex-plored within these online communities remains scarce. While there is ample support for the presence of social capital within other forms of virtual communities to facilitate knowledge sharing, ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To quantify the impact of different guideline implementation interventions to improve treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a hospital setting. METHODS Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care specialized register, EMBASE and CINAHL. STUDY SELECTION Hospital-based trials studying the effect of guidelines on ...

The present paper extends social capital theory by exploring the creation of social capital in a highly innovative, yet under-researched organizational form: online communities. It is shown that social capital development has thus far not been sufficiently theorized and research on how social capital may be created in online communities is missing altogether. Attempting to fill this gap, I draw...

Management strategies for addressing contaminated sediments can include a wide range of actions, ranging from no action, to the use of engineering controls, to the use of more aggressive, intrusive activities related to removing, containing, or treating sediments because of environmental or navigation considerations. Risk assessment provides a useful foundation for understanding the environment...

Antibiotic guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) often recommend broad-spectrum agents for severe pneumonia. While these may be entirely appropriate in terms of their spectrum of activity and efficacy, there is a risk that such recommendations could result in over-prescribing of broad-spectrum agents with consequent 'collateral damage', meaning superinfection by resistant pathogens,...

W here to treat a patient with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is probably the most important decision in the management of this condition. This is true in terms of patient outcomes and, definitely, in terms of costs. Therefore, all current European and American guidelines agree that the assessment of severity is the starting point in the management algorithm [1–5]. If the assessment is so c...