Community detection, aiming to group nodes based on their connections, plays an important role in network analysis since communities, treated as meta-nodes, allow us create a large-scale map of simplify its analysis. However, for privacy reasons, we may want prevent communities from being discovered certain cases, leading the topics community deception. In this article, formalize detection atta...

Community detection is a fundamental and important problem in network science, as community structures often reveal both topological functional relationships between different components of the complex system. In this paper, we first propose gradient descent framework modularity optimization called vector-label propagation algorithm (VLPA), where node associated with vector continuous labels in...