In the study of comparative cognition and perception, disparities in the diverse approaches that researchers take in studying behavior sometimes obscure the interpretation of a particular empirical finding. We describe an approach to the study of comparative cognition and perception which focuses on explaining the ways in which different biological systems solve the computational challenges tha...

Comparative biology is a field that deals with morphology. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe recognised comparative biology, not as a passive science obsessed with counting similarities as it is today, but as an active field wherein he sought to perceive the inter-relationships of individual organisms to the organic whole, which he termed the archetype. I submit that Goethe’s archetype and his applica...

The paper proposes three educational spaces, an operational space, interactive space and a comparative space. focus is on the in order to shed light various modes of Nordic cooperation, with brief discussion rather unique Based different data sources, that within practical, scientific, administrative policy sub-spaces connect across countries. seen as socially constructed, multidimensional, cen...

This study was an investigation of the relationships between internalized self-criticism and depression and between comparative self-criticism and depression as these relationships are mediated by the fear of self-compassion, fear of compassion from others, self-compassion, and the perception that one is important to others. To examine these relationships, data were gathered via online survey m...

The perception of criminal injustice is common among disadvantaged American racial and ethnic minority groups. This perception of injustice is especially common for highly educated and socially and economically successful African-Americans. It is also well established that encounters between citizens and the police play an important part in such perceptions of racial injustice. Yet, there is mu...

How listeners understand spoken words despite massive variation in the speech signal is a central issue for linguistic theory. A recent focus on lexical frequency and specificity has proved fruitful in accounting for this phenomenon. Speech perception, though, is a multi-faceted process and likely incorporates a number of mechanisms to map a variable signal to meaning. We examine a well-establi...

This paper outlines a cognitive and comparative perspective on human rhythmic cognition that emphasizes a key distinction between pulse perception and meter perception. Pulse perception involves the extraction of a regular pulse or "tactus" from a stream of events. Meter perception involves grouping of events into hierarchical trees with differing levels of "strength", or perceptual prominence....

BACKGROUND Accurate measurement of people's risk perceptions is important for numerous bodies of research and in clinical practice, but there is no consensus about the best measure. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated three measures of women's breast cancer risk perception by assessing their psychometric and test characteristics. DESIGN A cross-sectional mailed survey to women from a primary car...