Background Diprosopus dirrhinus, or nasal duplication, is a rare entity of partial craniofacial duplication. Methods The case we present is the first report of diprosopus dirrhinus associated with complete cleft lip and palate. The baby was born in Cambodia at full term by normal vaginal delivery with no significant perinatal and family history. Physical examination revealed significant facia...

The 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development (DSD), also known as 46,XX male syndrome, is a rare form of DSD and clinical phenotype shows complete sex reversal from female to male. The sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene can be identified in most 46,XX testicular DSD patients; however, approximately 20% of patients with 46,XX testicular DSD are SRY-negative. The SRY-box 9 (SOX9) gene has se...

Duplex kidney (DK) is the most common congenital abnormality of the urinary tract, with an incidence of around 0.82%1,2. Basis of duplex kidney formation by embryology is explained as development of two ureteral buds separately from a single mesonephric duct gives rise to a duplex kidney with complete ureteral duplication. On the other hand, bifurcation of a single ureteral bud proximal to the ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a major class of small non-coding RNAs that act as negative regulators at the post-transcriptional level in animals and plants. In this study, all known miRNAs in four plant species (Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa, Oryza sativa and Sorghum bicolor) have been analyzed, using a combination of computational and comparative genomic approaches, to systematically ide...

Use of complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) can greatly increase the resolution achievable in phylogeographic and historical demographic studies. Using next-generation sequencing methods, it is now feasible to efficiently sequence mitogenomes of large numbers of individuals once a reference mitogenome is available. However, assembling the initial mitogenomes of nonmodel organisms can pr...

Completely sequenced plastomes provide a valuable source of information about the duplication, loss, and transfer events of chloroplast genes and phylogenetic data for resolving relationships among major groups of plants. Moreover, they can also be useful for exploiting chloroplast genetic engineering technology. Ericales account for approximately six per cent of eudicot diversity with 11,545 s...

Ureteral duplication is a congenital malformative uropathy that occurs most often in children. Complete ureteral defined by kidney has two ureters with orifices communicate to the bladder through meati. It an anatomical variant remains rare. Its early discovery due lack of diagnostic means, hence occurrence long-term complications. To this end, we observe increased importance morbidity linked l...