We study the computational complexity of packing puzzles of identical polyominoes. Packing dominoes (i.e., 1 × 2 rectangles) into grid polygons can be solved in polynomial time by reducing to a bipartite matching problem. On the other hand, packing 2 × 2 squares is known to be NP-complete. In this paper, we fill the gap between dominoes and 2 × 2 squares, that is, we consider the packing puzzle...

Introduction: The objective of a complete denture prosthesis is restoring aesthetics, comfort, and function by the replacement missing dental alveolar structures employing stable prosthesis. Case Report: Many conditions can complicate treatment plan fabrication Complete in clinically compromised challenging task for dentist. In this clinical report, we present comprehensive management patient w...

Polar graphs generalise bipartite, cobipartite, and split graphs, and they constitute a special type of matrix partitions. A graph is polar if its vertex set can be partitioned into two, such that one part induces a complete multipartite graph and the other part induces a disjoint union of complete graphs. Deciding whether a given arbitrary graph is polar, is an NP-complete problem. Here we sho...

Polar graphs generalise bipartite graphs, cobipartite graphs, and split graphs, and they constitute a special type of matrix partitions. A graph is polar if its vertex set can be partitioned into two, such that one part induces a complete multipartite graph and the other part induces a disjoint union of complete graphs. Deciding whether a given arbitrary graph is polar, is an NP-complete proble...

We show that the question of whether the p-tt-complete or p-T -complete sets for the deterministic time classes E and EXP have measure 0 in these classes in the sense of Lutz's resource-bounded measure cannot be decided by relativizable techniques. On the other hand, we obtain the following absolute results if we bound the norm, i.e., the number of oracle queries of the reductions: For r = tt; ...

introduction: the present study was conducted to analyze the knowledge of general dentists of kermanshah about root canal therapy in 2012. methods: in this descriptive cross-sectional study, a two-part questionnaire was designed and given to 93 general dentists in kermanshah to complete. the first part of the questionnaire comprised of personal and professional information of the participant de...