This study examined the effects of task complexity on written narrative production under different task complexity conditions by EFL learners at different proficiency levels. Task complexity was manipulated along Robinson’s (2001b) proposed task complexity dimension of Here-and-Now (simple) vs. There-and-Then (complex) in. Accordingly, three specific measures of the written narratives were targ...

the notion of sustainable development has rapidly gained considerable attention since the lastdecades of the twentieth century. it has become a locus for global paradigm shift on environment and development issues particularly after rio conference in 1992. the comparative analysis of agenda 21 and major un documents, mdg, and rio+20 as well as some major sources are made to provide a context fo...

classifying remote sensing imageries to obtain reliable and accurate landuse/cover (luc) information still remains a challenge that depends on many factors suchas complexity of landscape especially in arid region. the aim of this paper is to extractreliable luc information from land sat imageries of the pishkouh watershed of centralarid region, iran. the classical maximum likelihood classifier ...

resource limitation in zero time may cause to some profitable projects not to be selected in project selection problem, thus simultaneous project portfolio selection and scheduling problem has received significant attention. in this study, budget, investment costs and earnings are considered to be stochastic. the objectives are maximizing net present values of selected projects and minimizing v...

Recent second language (L2) writing research informed by task-based theories of acquisition has enthusiastically adopted task complexity frameworks to describe the specific cognitive demands a given and effect those on written L2 production. However, missing from many studies effects production is discussion genre as potential source complexity. This paper examines resource-dispersing form that...

We consider the problem of updating of an agent’s knowledge. We propose a formalmethod of knowledge update on the basis of the semantics of modal logic S5. Inour method, an update is specified according to the minimal change on both theagent’s actual world and knowledge. We discuss general minimal change propertiesof knowledge update and show that our knowledge update operator s...

The number of communication rounds is a classic complexity measure for protocols; reducing round complexity is a major goal in protocol design. However, when the communication time is inconstant, and in particular, when one of the parties intentionally delays its messages, the round complexity measure may become meaningless. For example, if one of the rounds takes longer than the rest of the pr...

Domain ontologies are now commonly used to enable heterogeneous information resources, such as knowledge-based systems, to communicate with each other. In this article, we present a classification of ontological mismatches, which represent various ways in which knowledge sharing can be impeded by different decisions made by the developers of different resources. We address some of the ways in w...