An accurate nonlinear hygrothermal-electro-elastic (HTEE) buckling analysis of piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite cylindrical shells subjected to the coupled loading effects axial compression and hydrostatic pressure was established by considering nonuniform prebuckling effect. Nonlinear governing equations were derived based on higher-order shear deformation theory Novozhilov’s shell the...

A novel pure penalty discontinuous Galerkin method is proposed for the geometrically nonlinear analysis of multilayered composite plates and shells, modelled via high-order refined theories. The approach allows to build different two-dimensional equivalent single layer structural models, which are obtained by expressing covariant components displacement field through-the-thickness Taylor’s poly...

this study aims to investigate the effects of geometric imperfections on buckling of thin cylindrical shells due to global shear. to this end, more than 320 finite element models of cylindrical shells with different diameter to thickness ratios were prepared. random imperfections with different amplitudes were applied to numerical models. the results revealed that global buckling of cylindrical...

Most hermit crabs depend on empty gastropod shells for shelter; competition for appropriate shells is often severe. This study determined whether shells that have been drilled by naticid gastropods are suitable for occupancy by the hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus. Differences in the characteristics of empty shells and those occupied by hermit crabs were assessed at two adjacent field sites in N...