Alongside pesticides and specialist predators, natural communities of generalist beetle spider predators play an important role in suppressing agricultural pests. However, the predation pressure can be unpredictable. Overall is influenced by a dense network potential intraguild interactions, which are further shaped species traits environmental factors. Understanding how these different influen...

Composition is a powerful and simple approach for obtaining numerical integration methods of high accuracy order while preserving the geometric properties basic integrator. Adaptive step size control allows one to significantly increase performance methods. However, there lack efficient algorithms composition solvers due some known difficulties in constructing low-cost embedded local error esti...