Net primary productivity is a principal driver of biodiversity; large-scale regions with higher productivity generally have more species. This pattern emerges because beta-diversity (compositional variation across local sites) increases with productivity, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unknown. Using data from a long-term experiment in replicate ponds, I show that higher beta...

Acrylic oligomers such as pentaerythritolacrylates (PEA), which are often utilized in the field of functionalized materials, generally consist of very complex homologous series. In this work, measuring conditions for packed-column supercritical fluid chromatographic separation of a complex PEA sample manufactured industrially were systematically examined using temperature programming or modifie...

Li-ion batteries are invaluable for portable electronics and vehicle electrification. A better knowledge of compositional variations within the electrodes during battery operation is, however, still needed to keep improving their performance. Although essential in the medical field, magnetic resonance imaging of solid paramagnetic battery materials is challenging due to the short lifetime of th...

Inclusion bodies (IB) synthesized during sporulation and enterotoxin formation by Clostridium perfringens NCTC 8239 and 8798 were isolated and characterized. IB were isolated by disruption of sporangia by sonication in the presence of tetrasodium EDTA and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. Fractionation was carried out in a linear gradient of sodium bromide, sucrose, or diatrizoate sodium. Denaturi...

Interfaces play a crucial role in composite magnetic materials and particularly bimagnetic core/shell nanoparticles. However, resolving the microscopic structure of these nanoparticles is rather complex. Here, we investigate local magnetization antiferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic FeO/Fe3O4 nanocubes by electron circular dichroism (EMCD). The energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) compositional analysis sa...

FeCoB (25 nm)/Hf(tHf)/FeCoB nm) sandwich films with different hafnium thicknesses tHf were fabricated using a modified compositional gradient sputtering method to obtain self-biased high-frequency performances. The effects of on the interlayer coupling and FMR frequency investigated. It is revealed that enhanced resonance by 48%, ferromagnetic between occurred for trilayers < 3.0 nm, likely ...

Traditional machine learning models can be formulated as the expected risk minimization (ERM) problem: minw∈Rd Eξ [l(w; ξ)], where w ∈ Rd denotes model parameter, ξ represents training samples, l(·) is loss function. Numerous optimization algorithms, such stochastic gradient descent (SGD), have been developed to solve ERM problem. However, a wide range of emerging are beyond this class problems...

The chloroplast DNA of wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was isolated in a CsCl density gradient as a single, homogeneous density class with a mean density of 1.695 g/cm(3). Irrespective of sheared size, denatured chloroplast DNA renatured as a single homogeneous species. Compositional heterogeneity, presumably intramolecular, was revealed by the absorbance-temperature profile. The complement...

The seasonal dynamics of cyanobacterial and diatom assemblages in 11 water bodies along a mesoto hypertrophic gradient were compared. The cyanobacterial and diatom communities are characterised according to representative species of each algal class, selected by data reduction following principal component analyses and discriminant analysis. The cyanobacterial and diatom assemblages of the four...

Interest in additive manufacturing (AM) has dramatically expanded in the last several years, owing to the paradigm shift that the process provides over conventional manufacturing. Although the vast majority of recent work in AM has focused on three-dimensional printing in polymers, AM techniques for fabricating metal alloys have been available for more than a decade. Here, laser deposition (LD)...