We present a cognitive model of inducing verb selectional preferences from individual verb usages. The selectional preferences for each verb argument are represented as a probability distribution over the set of semantic properties that the argument can possess—a semantic profile. The semantic profiles yield verb-specific conceptualizations of the arguments associated with a syntactic position....

The bipolar view in preference modeling distinguishes between negative and positive preferences. Negative preferences correspond to what is rejected, considered unacceptable, while positive preferences correspond to what is desired. But what is tolerated (i.e., not rejected) is not necessarily desired. Both negative and positive preferences can be a matter of degree. Bipolar preferences can be ...

We consider the problem of allocating bits among pictures in an MPEG video coder to equalize the visual quality of the coded pictures, while meeting bu er and channel constraints imposed by the MPEG Video Bu ering Veri er. We address this problem within a framework that consists of three components: 1) a bit production model for the input pictures, 2) a set of bit-rate constraints imposed by th...

A celebrated result of Abreu and Rubinstein (1988) states that in repeated games, when the players are restricted to playing strategies that can be implemented by finite automata and they have lexicographic preferences, the set of equilibrium payoffs is a strict subset of the set of feasible and individually rational payoffs. In this paper we explore the limitations of this result. We prove tha...

questions. The most obvious is, why do female guppies prefer males with uncommon colour patterns? Here we have more hypotheses than data sets. One theoretical analysis suggests that greater survival of rare male types, which has been found in guppies, might contribute to the evolution of such a preference, even if it is costly. Interestingly, the same analysis points out that the negative feedb...

Can the Pareto criterion guide policymakers who do not know the true model of the economy? If policymakers specify ex ante preferences for agents, then Pareto improvements from a distorted status quo are usually possible, and with more commodities than states, one can implement almost every Pareto optimum. Unlike the standard second welfare theorem, planners cannot dictate allocations: agents m...

Intertemporal choices consist of trade-offs between reward magnitude and the delay until those rewards are received. Distaste for delay (i.e., impatience) is related to various undesirable variables including drug use, credit card debt, and low grade point average. These findings have underscored the critical need to better understand intertemporal preferences. Previous work has shown that forc...

This paper studies strict preference relations on product sets induced by “ordinal aggregation methods”. Such methods are interpreted here as performing paired comparisons of alternatives based on the “importance” of attributes favoring each element of the pair: alternative x will be preferred to alternative y if the attributes for which x is better than y are “more important” than the attribut...

The paper deals with the concept of coalitional preferences in the group decision-making situations in which the agents and coalitions have only vague idea about the comparative acceptability of particular outcomes. The coalitional games with vague utilities (see, e.g., [7]) can serve for a good example when some types of the game solutions (e.g., the von Neumann-Morgenstern one) are to be exte...

The first aim of this study was to test the self-consistency model (SCM) of subjective confidence as it applies to personal preferences. According to SCM, participants presented with a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) item draw a small sample of representations of the item. Their confidence reflects the extent to which the choice is representative of the population of representations associ...