1. Force perturbations consisting of a random train of pulses were applied to the forearms of human subjects, the direction of the force being varied +/- 60 degrees from vertical in the sagittal plane in different trials. 2. Both forearm and upper arm were free to move, and the perturbations resulted in angular motion and torque at both joints. By varying the direction of the force, different c...

Twenty-five volleyball players (14 males, 11 females) were videotaped (60 Hz) performing countermovement vertical jumps with and without an arm swing. Ground reaction force and video-based coordinate data were collected simultaneously. The resultant joint force and torque at the hip, knee, ankle and shoulder for two trials per subject per condition were computed and normalized. Average kinemati...

The interaction between a moving electric charge and a stationary electric charge distribution is considered. It is shown that the interaction involves not only an electric attraction or repulsion but also a heretofore unreported electric torque exerted by the moving charge on the stationary charge distribution. The torque is associated with the asymmetry of the electric field of the moving cha...

Despite many advantages of BrushLess DC motor, torque pulsation is one of the most important disadvantages of it. At first, an optimum primary design of BLDC motor is done using PSO algorithm. Then, other parameters for reducing the torque pulsation are considered by finite element method. It is shown that fractional slot structure has many advantages than conventional one. Both cogging and rip...

BACKGROUND Separation of tendon ends after Achilles tendon repair may affect the tendon repair process and lead to postoperative end-range plantarflexion weakness. HYPOTHESIS Patients will have disproportionate end-range plantarflexion weakness after Achilles tendon repair. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS Four-strand core suture repairs of Achilles tendon were performed...

In conventional direct torque control (DTC) of induction machines, undesirable flux and torque ripples are produced. These occur since non of the selected inverter's voltage vectors are able to generate the exact voltage required to produce the desired changes in the electromagnetic torque and stator flux linkage in most of the switching instances. In addition, when direct torque control is imp...

Obstacle avoidance of underactuated robot manipulators using switching computed torque method (SCTM) is presented. One fundamental feature of this novel method is to use partly stable controllers (PSCs) in order to fulfill the ultimate control objective. Here, we use genetic algorithms (GAs) to acquire the optimum switching sequence of the control actions for a given time frame with the availab...

Here, a new fuzzy direct torque control algorithm for induction motors is proposed. As in the classical direct torque control, the inverter gate control signals directly come from the optimum switching voltage vector look-up table, the best voltage space vector selection is a key factor to obtain minimum torque and flux ripples. In the proposed approach, the best voltage space vector is sel...

The patterns of joint torques and movement strategies underlying human balance corrections were examined using a postural model. Two types of support-surface perturbation, dorsiflexion rotation (ROT) and rearward translation (TRANS), were employed. These two perturbations were adjusted to produce similar profiles of ankle dorsiflexion in order to obtain information on the role of lower leg prop...