Previous experiments (Waldron & Ashby, 2001) showed that category learning was differentially impaired by a concurrent Stroop task, depending on the type of rule used to categorize items. Learning was more impaired for simple explicit rules than for complex implicit rules. The present simulation suggests that the multiple learning systems hypothesized by Waldron and Ashby are not necessary to e...

Past studies have suggested that Stroop interference increases with age; however the robustness of this effect after controlling for processing speed has been questioned. Both working memory (WM) and the congruency of the immediately preceding trial have also been shown to moderate the magnitude of Stroop interference. Specifically, interference is smaller both for individuals with higher worki...

Two experiments examined the relations among working memory capacity (WMC), congruencysequence effects, proportion-congruency effects, and the color-word Stroop effect to test whether congruency-sequence effects might inform theoretical claims regarding WMC’s prediction of Stroop interference. In Experiment 1, subjects completed either a high-congruency or lowcongruency Stroop task that restric...

This study investigated the effects of violent video game play and trait hostility on attentional bias towards negatively valenced words. Following video game play, participants completed an emotional Stroop task. Results indicated greater Stroop interference for participants high in trait hostility and for participants playing violent video games. Implications of these findings are discussed w...

This study investigated the effects of violent video game play and trait hostility on attentional bias toward negatively valenced words. Following video game play, participants completed an emotional Stroop task. Results indicated greater Stroop interference for participants high in trait hostility and for participants playing violent video games. Implications of these findings are discussed wi...

Much progress has been made during the last 40 years in the quest to improve the interaction of humans with computers. While new modalities of communication between computers and their users continue to be found and enhanced (e.g., speech recognition for human-to-computer communication and speech synthesis for computer-tohuman communication), the nature of the exchange between computers and use...

Attentional bias is a central feature of many cognitive theories of psychopathology. One of the most frequent methods of investigating such bias has been an emotional analog of the Stroop task. In this task, participants name the colors in which words are printed, and the words vary in their relevance to each theme of psychopathology. The authors review research showing that patients are often ...

Activation mechanisms such as arousal are known to be responsible for slowdown observed in the Emotional Stroop and modified Stroop tasks. Using the duality of mind perspective, we may conclude that both ways of processing information (automatic or controlled) should have their own mechanisms of activation, namely, arousal for an experiential mind, and subjective significance for a rational min...