This document describes requirements for, and the use of, the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) control plane in support of the Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) layer 1 inverse multiplexing data plane mechanism and its companion Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS). LCAS can be used for hitless dynamic resizing of the inverse multiplex group. These techniques apply to Optical Tra...

This paper recovers quiescent optical solitons that are self-sustaining, localized wave packets maintain their shape and amplitude over long distances due to a balance between nonlinearity dispersion. When soliton is in state of quiescence, it means stationary both space time. Quiescent typically observed fibers, where dispersion can lead the formation solitons. The concatenation model consider...

The notion of an associative omega-product is applied to processes. Processes are one of the ways to represent behavior of Petri nets. They have been studied for some years as an alternative to traces and dependence graphs. One advantage of processes, as compared to traces, is a very simple way to define infinite concatenation. We take a closer look at this operation, and show that it is a free...

We study the interpretation of Grzegorczyk’s Theory of Concatenation TC in structures of decorated linear order types satisfying Grzegorczyk’s axioms. We show that TC is incomplete for this interpretation. What is more, the first order theory validated by this interpretation interprets arithmetical truth. We also show that every extension of TC has a model that is not isomorphic to a structure ...

In our previous papers, we have proposed join cost functions derived from spectral distances, which have good correlations with perceptual scores obtained for a range of concatenation discontinuities. To further validate their ability to predict concatenation discontinuities, we have chosen the best three spectral distances and evaluated them subjectively in a listening test. The units for synt...

This study examines the utility of grammatical ephemeral random constants, and conducts an analysis of the preferences of evolutionary search when a number of different grammar based constant generation methods are provided with Grammatical Evolution. Three constant generation techniques are supplied, namely, grammatical ephemeral random constants, digit concatenation, and an expression based a...

This paper deals with the traditional problem of the occurrence of audible discontinuities at concatenation points at diphone boundaries in the concatenative speech synthesis. While most of the related studies put stress on the spectral component, we focused on the pitch contours and their role as predictors of the discontinuities. To measure the amount of information contained in the pitch con...