We examine the causal effect of unionization on a firm’s takeover exposure and merger gains. To establish causality, we use a regression discontinuity design that relies on “locally” exogenous variation generated by elections that pass or fail by a small margin of votes. Barely passing a union election leads to a significant reduction in a firm’s probability of receiving takeover bids. Conditio...

Extracting individual buildings and determining their footprints have been extensively studied towards 3D Building reconstruction. Though most previous works show promising results, it is yet a nontrivial task, especially in dense residential areas. This paper discusses a methodology for resolving this issue. The proposed approach starts with separating ground and nonground LiDAR points. In the...

Interestingly, the fourth discontinuity the co evolution of humans and machines that you really wait for now is coming. It's significant to wait for the representative and beneficial books to read. Every book that is provided in better way and utterance will be expected by many peoples. Even you are a good reader or not, feeling to read this book will always appear when you find it. But, when y...

The quality of speech samples has been traditionally evaluated in subjective listening tests using 5-point Absolute Category Rating (ACR) scales in Listening Only Tests (LOT) as recommended in ITU-T P.800 [1]. Those tests provide the listening quality aspect of speech quality. There are other tests are under discussion and proposed in order to assess in detail individual perceptual dimensions o...

Existing tests for manipulation of the running variable in discontinuity designs are inconsistent when the running variable is discrete. This paper proposes a test that is consistent and approximately UMP unbiased (local to the threshold) when the running variable is discrete. The test exploits the fact that if the discrete running variable—for example, age in quarters—is based on an underlying...

We give a geometric interpretation of the maximal Satake compactification of symmetric spaces X “ G{K of noncompact type, showing that it arises by attaching the horofunction boundary for a suitable G-invariant Finsler metric on X. As an application, we establish the existence of natural bordifications, as orbifolds-with-corners, of locally symmetric spaces X{Γ for arbitrary discrete subgroups ...

By adding a new technique and a simple proof strategy to Abadi & Lamport's 1988 method 1] for proving reenement between spec-iications of distributed programs correct, the inherent limitation of their method, occurring when the abstract level of speciication features so-called innnite invisible nondeterminism or internal discontinuity, can be sometimes overcome. This technique is applied to the...

Most goods and services in Mexico are subject to a 16 percent value added tax (VAT). However, within 20 kilometers of the border with the United States, the VAT rate is 11 percent. This preferential rate was implemented by the Mexican Department of Revenue to reduce cross-border shopping in the United States. However, the tax differential also creates an unusual distortion within Mexico, encour...

The claim that B (1) y = 0 in Sec 4A of the above paper (hereafter as I) is incorrect. The calculation over there only establishes a particular solution (1) y = 0. It is necessary to add a solution to the homogeneous equations corresponding to Eqs. (1),h y = 0. (3) This homogeneous solution must be included so that B (1) y − 4πM (1) y contains no discontinuity at the vortex. Using M

We investigated V-V hiatus through J-ToBI labeling and listening to whole phrases to estimate degree of discontinuity and, if possible, to determine the exact boundary between two phrases. Appropriate boundaries were found in most cases as the maximum perceptual score. Using electroglottography (EGG) of the open quotients OQ, pitch mark and spectrogram, the acoustic phonological feature of thes...