Gang scheduling is an approach for resource allocation in parallel and distributed systems that combines time-sharing with space-sharing to ensure a short response time for interactive tasks and high overall system throughput. In this paper, we present queueing theoretic models for a particular gang scheduling system under a workload representative of large-scale engineering and scientiic compu...

■ Abstract This review discusses research on the urban street gang after the 1960s, the period in which social scientists began to conceptualize the gang outside of the social-problems framework. Street-gang research has changed dramatically in the past three decades in accordance with general shifts in sociological research, including developments in gender studies, economic sociology, and rac...

Gang scheduling is currently the most popular scheduling scheme for parallel processing in a time shared environment. In this paper we first describe the ideas of job re-packing and workload tree for efficiently allocating resources to enhance the performance of gang scheduling. We then present some experimental results obtained by implementing four different resource allocation schemes. These ...

The social organization of street gangs has remained an empirical topic of interest for decades. In part, this may be due to the fact that different sources of data often reveal varied levels of organization. Specifically, law enforcement accounts typically suggest higher levels of cohesion than do investigations relying on interviews with or observations of street gang members. It is possible ...

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Some forty years ago, the U.S. Armed Forces began a revolution in military affairs based largely on the exploitation of information. A series of advances in position location, accurate munitions guidance, multi-spectral surveillance, data fusion and, most importantly, network connectivity resulted in a new type of military. Success in modern war of any character, scale or intensity, is increasi...

Anthrax is a zoonotic illness recognized since antiquity. Today, human anthrax has been all but eradicated from the industrialized world, with the vast majority of practitioners in the United States unlikely to have seen a case. Unfortunately, the disease remains endemic in many areas of the world, and anthrax poses a threat as a mass casualty-producing weapon if used in a biological warfare ca...

Recent armed conflicts highlight the military’s need to develop new strategies that assist in situational assessment and planning for combating insurgent operations. Although insurgent warfare tactics have been used for thousands of years, the degree to which they have been recently employed presents an especially significant challenge. One of the challenges the intelligence community faces in ...