نتایج جستجو برای: confounding factors epidemiology
تعداد نتایج: 1171708 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm) occurs around the world with high prevalence and causes serious physical harm and economic burden to the afflicted. haikou city is china's southernmost tropical island city, which has not been previously studied for its t2dm prevalence. the objective of the study in employing a cross-sectional survey is to discuss the epidemiologic status of t2dm in haikou city a...
Background: Since pulmonary angiography is the only non-invasive method for diagnosing pulmonary embolism, the use of radiation reduction methods without affecting the quality of images seems necessary. One of the simplest reasons for unnecessarily increasing of patient exposure is repetitive imaging due to poor image quality. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and ...
Ionizing radiation is a known human carcinogen that can induce a variety of biological effects depending on the physical nature, duration, doses and dose-rates of exposure. However, the magnitude of health risks at low doses and dose-rates (below 100mSv and/or 0.1mSvmin(-1)) remains controversial due to a lack of direct human evidence. It is anticipated that significant insights will emerge fro...
This review summarizes the epidemiology of cancer of the female reproductive system and associated lifestyle factors. It also assesses the available evidence for occupational factors associated with these cancers. Cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers are relatively common, and cause significant cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide, whereas vulvar, vaginal, fallopian tube cancers, and ...
Drawing inferences about the effects of treatments and actions is a common challenge in economics, epidemiology, and other fields. We adopt Rubin’s potential outcomes framework for causal inference and propose two methods serving complementary purposes. One can be used to estimate average causal effects, assuming no confounding given measured covariates. The other can be used to assess how the ...
Background and Objectives: Since there is inconsistency reports in relationship between shift work (SW) and blood pressure (BP), therefore we aimed to show any association between SW and BP by using of Bayesian Multilevel Modeling, which is a reliable method for this type of analysis. Methods: The profiles of 4145 workers in Polydactyl Iran Corporation were examined in historical cohort between...
THE IMPORTANCE OF FAMILY DATA The study of Genetic Epidemiology has historically focused on the inheritance of genetic factors and phenotypes within families. In fact, much of genetics involves the study of patterns of familial resemblance and identifying the factors that explain the observed patterns. However, in recent years the most common study design for investigating the genetic determina...
1. Kulkarni PM, Wang S. Re: "Assessing the direction of causality in cross-sectional studies." (Letter). Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:786-7. 2. Flanders WD, Lin L, Pirkle JL, et al. Assessing the direction of causality in cross-sectional studies. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 135:926-35. 3. Greenland S, Robins JM. Identifiability, exchangeability, and epidemiological confounding. Int J Epidemiol 1986;15: 413...
Case-control association studies are a widely used study design in genetic epidemiology. Under this method allele and/or genotype frequencies at a genetic marker are compared between cases and controls. Association studies are thought to be well suited for identifying genetic variation underlying complex traits, such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, this study design is ...
This paper presents preliminary findings of an research project in which the research partners, academics and a telecommunication labour union, are attempting to understand, learn from and anticipate further changes related to the implementation of ERP in an industry sector in the midst of consolidation via corporate merger.
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