The most common, primary referrals to a pediatric neurosurgeon's office are the evaluation and management of the child with a large head (to rule out hydrocephalus and other space occupying lesions) a mishappen head (to rule out various forms of craniosynostosis), or some form of congenital spinal abnormality (spinal dysraphism). The authors discuss the pathogenesis and clinical features of the...

These are a group of congenital malformations that involve the cranial cavity and the central nervous system.The Dandy-Walker variant is the commonest posterior fossa malformation, while craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more of the cranial sutures causing abnormal shape of the head. They present with hydrocephalus and features of increased intracranial pressure, thus, the goal...

AIMS This study was set up to determine the long term ocular and systemic sequelae in patients with severe congenital toxoplasmosis. METHODS Cross sectional and retrospective study of 17 patients with severe congenital toxoplasmosis. RESULTS In addition to chorioretinitis (100%), the most common abnormal ocular features were optic nerve atrophy (83%), visual acuity of less than 0.1 (85%), s...

OBJECTIVE Unilateral hydrocephalus (UH) is characterized by enlargement of just one lateral ventricle. In this paper, the authors will demonstrate their experiences in the neuroendoscopic management of this uncommon type of hydrocephalus. METHOD The authors retrospectively reviewed a series of almost 800 neuroendoscopic procedures performed from September 1995 to July 2010 and selected seven ...

There are few local statistics on the incidence of hydrocephalus and the outcome of hydrocephalic shunts in the South East Asian region. We report a retrospective study on 285 hydrocephalic patients who underwent shunting procedures between 1990 and 1998 at the University Hospital Science Malaysia, a regional referral center. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to predict determin...

INTRODUCTION: Congenital hydrocephalus, the most common cause of macrocephaly, is usually treated with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting. Despite shunting, changes to the overlying cranial bones cause calvarial expansion and distortion. Reduction cranioplasty can be performed to approach proper cranial size, shape, and cephalocranial proportion. However, consistent results are difficult to ach...

Aneurysms occasionally develop from the great cerebral vein as a result of congenital arteriovenous fistulae. In a recent review Hirano and Terry (1958) referred to 18 cases, nine of which were confirmed at necropsy. The example of this rare condition reported here presented as a case of hydrocephalus showing certain noteworthy features. The condition responded well to surgical treatment, but t...

INTRODUCTION S hunt nephritis is a rare complication mostly described in the setting of chronic infection of ventriculoatrial (VA) shunts inserted for the treatment of congenital or acquired hydrocephalus. The diagnosis of shunt nephritis is challenging and may be overlooked. We report a case of successfully treated shunt nephritis and pyogenic spondylitis with positive antiproteinase 3 antineu...

We present an infant with true trisomy 22. Mosaicism is ruled out by the finding of a 47,XX, +22 karyotype in all cells analysed originating from two embryonic germ layers. The physical findings are consistent with the previously noted features including developmental delay, ear abnormalities, micrognathia, clefting, and congenital heart disease. The patient is the first described with macrocep...

Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by enlargement of cerebral ventricles due to abnormal cerebrospinal fluid accumulation. Hydrocephalic women with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts are now surviving to reproductive age, but still there are doubts regarding the mode of delivery, analgesia and anesthesia. Postpartal complications are more frequently described in deliveries ended b...